The paper aims to address the long-term and short-term effects of intellectual capital efficiency (ICE) on Pakistan's bank stability together with the banking system's inherent factors. The ICE is measured through the VAIC™ model and consists of human, rational, and structural capitals. The auto-regressive distributed lag estimation technique results underwrite that an increase in ICE leads to better bank stability and endorses the resource-based theory. Apart from that, findings show the long-term role of ICE in bank stability, although statistics depict no short-term role in this regard. The efficiency ratios, risk-based capital, leverage, and bank size shows a positive impact in the short run. In the long run, the risk-based capital and leverage show a decisively positive influence, while the bank size and efficiency ratio show a negative effect. Findings can be used to increase intangible investments to build a sustainable competitive advantage based on the resourcebased approach. The upcoming review is expected to consider the Fintech effect.
K E Y W O R D Sauto-regressive distributed lag (ARDL), banking stability, banks' efficiency, risk practices, value added intellectual capital (VAIC)