The Impact of Behavioral Symptoms on Activities of Daily Living in Patients With Dementia

Assessing and predicting functional impairment in Alzheimer’s disease: The emerging role of frontal system dysfunction

“…Although prior findings had indicated an association between apathy and functional status in AD [21,22], the Boyle et al study [26•] was the first to demonstrate a strong and independent predictive relationship between apathy and IADL and BADL impairment. These associations remained significant even after adjusting for depressive symptomatology.…”

“…Predicting Functional Status in Alzheimer's: The Emerging Role of Frontal System Dysfunction Alzheimer's disease is associated with significant neuropsychologic and neuropsychiatric dysfunction [10,11], and numerous studies have demonstrated that dementia severity [5,19,20] and neuropsychiatric symptoms [21,22] contribute to the disability associated with AD. Whereas early investigations of these relationships focused only on global cognitive or neuropsychiatric dysfunction, investigators recently have begun to examine the specific neuropsychologic and neuropsychiatric determinants of ADL dysfunction in an attempt to better understand the symptoms most highly associated with functional disability in AD.…”

Evaluation of an Intervention for Apathy After Traumatic Brain Injury

“…39 Convergent validity with the apathy subscale of the Neuropsychiatric Inventory 45 was low yet significant (r = 0.37, P < .05). 46 The self-and family-rated versions were used, as well as a clinician rating completed using the "family" version. The FrSBe-A is a reliable and valid measure for use in the TBI population.…”

Self-reported executive dysfunction, neuropsychological impairment, and functional outcomes in multiple sclerosis

“…As a further extension of previous findings, we examined the relationship between self-reported (Boyle et al, 2003;Norton et al, 2001;Velligan et al, 2002), but these studies did not address patients with MS. The current research showed that increasing FrSBe scores correlated with poorer activities of daily living and increasing disability in people with MS. As might be expected in people with MS, diminished mobility, as indexed by the Ambulation Index, corresponded with almost all aspects of daily functioning.…”

“…Yet, no study of people with MS has determined whether selfreported dysexecutive symptoms as assessed by the FrSBe predict poor functional outcomes. From related research involving patients with schizophrenia or dementia, compelling data imply that the FrSBe predicts significant impairment in various activities of daily living (Boyle, Malloy, & Salloway, 2003;Norton, Malloy, & Salloway, 2001;Velligan, Ritch, Sui, DiCocco, & Huntzinger, 2002). Dysexecutive symptoms may also predict impaired activities of daily living in people with MS.…”