The impact of Body Mass Index of 78,612 18-year old dutch men on 32-year mortality from all causes

Hoffmans, M.D.A.F.; Kromhout, Daan; Coulander, Cor de Lezenne

doi:10.1016/0895-4356(88)90161-8

Cited by 165 publications

(105 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…42 As weight loss due to prediagnostic pancreatic cancer or other health conditions can result in bias in the associations between BMI and pancreatic cancer deaths in middle-aged and older populations, and also because adolescent adiposity is less likely to be affected by weight loss, many studies have sought to examine the association between mortality and BMI at a younger age. [43][44][45] Our study showed that men who were obese at age 20 years had a significantly increased risk of death from pancreatic cancer compared with men with a normal BMI. Similar findings have been reported by 2 other cohort studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Obesity, physical activity and the risk of pancreatic cancer in a large Japanese cohort

Lin

Kikuchi

Tamakoshi

et al. 2007

Intl Journal of Cancer

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It is unclear whether body mass index (BMI) and physical activity are associated with the risk of pancreatic cancer in Asian populations. We examined these associations in the Japanese Collaborative Cohort Study for Evaluation of Cancer Risk. Our cohort study included 110,792 Japanese men and women at enrollment (1988)(1989)(1990). Data on height, body weight (at baseline and at age 20 years) and physical activity were obtained from a questionnaire. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate the relative risks of pancreatic cancer mortality. We observed a total of 402 pancreatic cancer deaths during the follow-up period. Men with a BMI of 30 or more at age 20 years had a 3.5-fold greater risk compared with men with a normal BMI. Women with a BMI of 27.5-29.9 at baseline had 60% increased risk compared with women with a BMI of 20.0-22.4. In men, weight loss of 5 kg or more between 20 years of age and baseline age was associated with an increased risk of pancreatic cancer death. In contrast, women with weight loss of 5 kg or more over the same period had a decreased risk. Physical activity was not associated with pancreatic cancer risk in either men or women. Obesity in young adulthood may be associated with an increased risk of death from pancreatic cancer in Japanese men. The risk of pancreatic cancer in relation to BMI seems to differ according to sex and the period over which BMI was measured. ' 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc.Key words: body mass index; physical activity; pancreatic cancer; obesity; relative risk; cohort study Pancreatic cancer is the fifth leading cause of cancer-related death in Japan, accounting for 20,000 deaths each year. 1 The etiology of pancreatic cancer remains largely unknown. Although epidemiological studies have reported that many environmental factors may contribute to the development of pancreatic cancer, only age and cigarette smoking have been established as consistent risk factors for the disease. 2 The association between diabetes and pancreatic cancer is less consistent, although epidemiological evidence strongly suggests that long-standing diabetes is also a risk factor for pancreatic cancer. [3][4][5][6][7][8][9] Recently, several studies have shown a positive association between post-load plasma glucose concentration and pancreatic cancer risk, [10][11][12] suggesting that impaired glucose tolerance and insulin resistance may have a role in the etiology of pancreatic cancer. As there is an established link between obesity and significant metabolic abnormalities such as glucose intolerance, 13,14 a positive association between obesity and pancreatic cancer seems possible. However, there are conflicting epidemiological findings on the link between obesity and risk of pancreatic cancer. Several large prospective studies carried out in the U.S.A. have demonstrated that overweight and obese subjects have an increased risk of pancreatic cancer compared with normal weight subjects, 15-17 whereas other studies did not observe this association. [18][19][20][21] A meta-analysis c...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Obesity, physical activity and the risk of pancreatic cancer in a large Japanese cohort

Lin

Kikuchi

Tamakoshi

et al. 2007

Intl Journal of Cancer

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“…48,49 This risk was unaffected by adjustment for education and adolescent health status. No information was available for adult adiposity or smoking behaviour, so it was not possible to exclude the role of these factors in explaining the relationship.…”

Section: Main ®Ndingsmentioning

confidence: 90%

Review: Measurement and long-term health risks of child and adolescent fatness

Power¹,

1997

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This paper reviews child and adolescent adiposity measures and associated long-term health risks. The ®rst section argues that anthropometric measures are practical for large scale epidemiological studies, particularly the body mass index. Limitations of this and other measures are presented. The second section summarises the evidence on the relationship between child and adolescent and adult adiposity. This is based on a search for relevant literature in the following computerised databases: Medline (1985±96), BIDS (EMBASE and Science Citation Index 1985±96). The literature search revealed that the child to adult adiposity relationship is now well-documented, although methodological differences hinder comparisons. Nonetheless, consistently elevated risks of adult obesity are evident for fatter children, although the prediction of adult obesity from child and adolescent adiposity measures is only moderate. Fewer studies could be identi®ed in relation to long-term health risks of child and adolescent adiposity. It is therefore dif®cult to specify categories of risk associated with childhood adiposity without more information from long-term studies. Further evidence is also required to con®rm the suggestion from some studies that adult disease risks are associated with a change in adiposity from normal weight in childhood to obesity in adulthood. However, on the basis of the evidence available, it is argued that population-based approaches to the prevention of obesity are likely to be more effective than approaches targeted at fat children. Population-based approaches are desirable, ®rst because of the poor prediction of adult obesity from child and adolescent measures, and second, because risks of adult mortality and morbidity may be elevated for individuals who become overweight after adolescence.Keywords: body mass index; obesity; measures; childhood; adolescence; tracking; morbidity; mortality; review IntroductionPrevention of obesity is a public health priority, 1 with much of the concern focusing on childhood and adolescence. 2 Child and adolescent adiposity is of particular interest because of possible long-term associations with adult disease, but evidence on long-term relationships is fragmentary and an overview is needed that clari®es how they might occur.There are three main sections to this review. The ®rst provides a summary of the basic methods used to assess child and adolescent adiposity. This key issue is included here because it is essential that appropriate measures are used, for example, to investigate trends over time and over the life course. The second section summarises the evidence on the relationship between child and adolescent and adult adiposity. This relationship is studied because of the concern that child and adolescent adiposity in¯uences adult disease primarily through its association with adiposity in adult life. Evidence is now available from several prospective and retrospective samples following subjects from childhood to adulthood. The speci®c questions of interest in this se...

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“…Although BMI is consistently related to morbidity from illness associated with obesity, [8][9][10] and is highly correlated with estimates of adiposity by dual emission X-ray absorptiometry, 32 it is a rather crude measure that does not account for body fat distribution. Central adiposity has been shown to impact upon cardiovascular function in the absence of obesity 33 and appears to represent a higher potential health risk than peripheral fat deposits.…”

Section: -15mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[8][9][10] Obese individuals have been shown to demonstrate abnormal cardiovascular [11][12][13][14] and neurovascular 15 responses to stressors that activate the sympathetic nervous system. For example, central obesity is associated with higher systemic vascular resistance during mental stress 11,13 that has been recently characterized by impaired skeletal muscle and skin vasodilatation responses.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of moderate overweight and body composition on postexercise hemodynamic responses in healthy men

Hamer

Boutcher

2006

J Hum Hypertens

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Postexercise hypotension (PEH) is a well-established phenomenon that may contribute to the antihypertensive mechanisms of exercise. The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of moderate overweight on postexercise hemodynamic responses in a group of healthy nonobese men (n ¼ 16, aged 20.471.8 years) with apparently normal cardiovascular function at rest. Forearm blood flow, using strain gauge plethysmography, blood pressure, using a Finapres device, and cardiac output (CO), using impedance cardiography, were measured on a control day and on a separate day following a bout of moderate intensity exercise (20 min at 75% heart rate reserve). Linear regression analysis, adjusted for exercise intensity, revealed that body mass index (BMI) was associated with specific postexercise hemodynamic responses. Higher BMI was associated with greater reductions in CO and stroke volume, but lower reductions in total peripheral resistance. These findings suggest body composition impacts on mechanisms of PEH and should therefore be considered as an important confounding variable in future studies.

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The impact of Body Mass Index of 78,612 18-year old dutch men on 32-year mortality from all causes

Cited by 165 publications

References 15 publications

Obesity, physical activity and the risk of pancreatic cancer in a large Japanese cohort

Obesity, physical activity and the risk of pancreatic cancer in a large Japanese cohort

Review: Measurement and long-term health risks of child and adolescent fatness

Impact of moderate overweight and body composition on postexercise hemodynamic responses in healthy men

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