The Impact of Caesarean Section on the Risk of Childhood Overweight and Obesity: New Evidence from a Contemporary Cohort Study

Masukume, Gwinyai; O’Neill, Sinéad M; Baker, Philip N.; Kenny, Louise C.; Morton, Susan; Khashan, Ali S.

doi:10.1038/s41598-018-33482-z

Cited by 40 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Additionally, ndings from this study suggested caesarean section delivery as risk factor for childhood obesity, which is consistent with a prospective cohort study in the literature that reported a ve-fold higher odds of childhood obesity associated with caesarean delivery [30,31].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Childhood Overweight and Obesity Among the Saudi Population: A Case-Control Study Among School Children

AlJassim

2020

Preprint

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BackgroundChildhood obesity is a global public health concern with major consequences. In Saudi Arabia, the percentage of children who are overweight or obese have significantly increased in the past 2 decades, raising concerns about the physical and psychosocial consequences of this burden. This study aimed at investigating the different risk factors contributing to childhood obesity in Saudi Arabia.Methods A case-control study was conducted among 492 school children (246 overweight/obese cases and 246 normal control aged 5-9 years old). Using valid and reliable instruments, parental and children characteristics, behavioural practices, screen use, and other activities were assessed as risk factors for childhood obesity using logistic regression analysis. Results An unemployed father (OR=11.90; 95%CI: 7.47-18.93), an overweight/obese father (OR=2.04; 95%CI: 1.40-2.96), an incorrect parental perception of child’s weight status (OR=2.54; 95%CI: 1.75-3.68), Caesarean delivery (OR=2.52; 95%CI: 1.56-4.09), daily time in active play for less than 30 minutes (OR=2.18; 95%CI: 1.44-3.28), , frequent snacking (OR=1.74; 95%CI: 1.05-2.93), and screen time use for more than 2 hours per day outside of school (OR=1.62; 95%CI: 1.12-2.34) were all independent risk factors for being overweight or obese among the selected cases. ConclusionEfforts to prevent childhood overweight and obesity in this population should focus primarily on the early identification and addressing of risk factors, such as parental characteristics and awareness of the magnitude of the burden of obesity, behavioural practices such as frequent snacking, screen time use, and physical activity.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Childhood Overweight and Obesity Among the Saudi Population: A Case-Control Study Among School Children

AlJassim

2020

Preprint

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“…A summary of the search process is illustrated in Figure 2, as recommended by the PRISMA guidelines [90]. Due to sufficient data regarding the occurrence of respiratory tract infections, asthma, overweight/obesity as well as diabetes mellitus type 1, 16 articles [11,20,67,68,[70][71][72][73][74][75][76][77][78][79][80][81]85,86,88,89] were included in the meta-analysis. for those citations considered potentially relevant and assessed for eligibility by the two researchers.…”

Section: Study Selection Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pediatrics Consequences of Caesarean Section—A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Słabuszewska-Jóźwiak

Szymański

Ciebiera

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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Background: Cesarean section is a surgical procedure, which is the most frequently performed in gynecology and obstetrics. It is commonly believed that an operative delivery is a less painful and safer mode of delivery, which translates into an increasing number of the procedures performed without medical indications. The maternal sequelae of cesarean sections are well elucidated and widely discussed in the literature, while long-term neonatal consequences still remain the issue of research and scientific dispute. The aim of the present paper was to perform a systematic review of current literature regarding pediatrics consequences of cesarean section. Methods: We reviewed available data from PubMed, Science Direct as well as Google Scholar bases concerning early and long-term neonatal sequelae of operative deliveries. The following key words were used: “cesarean section”, “caesarean section”, “neonatal outcomes”, “respiratory disorders”, “asthma”, “obesity”, “overweight”, and “neurological disorders”. A total of 1636 papers were retrieved out of which 27 were selected for the final systematic review whereas 16 articles provided data for meta-analysis. Statistical analyses were performed using RevMan 5.4. To determine the strength of association between the caesarean section and respiratory tract infections, asthma, diabetes type 1 as well as obesity the pooled odds ratios (OR) with the 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. Results: Conducted meta-analyses revealed that caesarean section is a risk factor for respiratory tract infections (pooled OR = 1.30 95%CI 1.06–1.60, p = 0.001), asthma (pooled OR = 1.23 95%CI 1.14–1.33, p < 0.00001) as well as obesity (pooled OR = 1.35 95%CI 1.29–1.41, p < 0.00001) in offspring. Conclusions: The results of the studies included indicated that children delivered by cesarean section more commonly developed respiratory tract infections, obesity and the manifestations of asthma than children delivered vaginally. The risk of developing diabetes mellitus type 1 or neurological disorders in offspring after caesarean section is still under discussion.

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“…Several studies have identified the presence of different intestinal microbial profiles between vaginally delivered and cesarean section delivered babies [26], with a lower microbiome richness and diversity among infants born by elective cesarean section compared to those born vaginally [26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prenatal and postnatal determinants in shaping offspring’s microbiome in the first 1000 days: study protocol and preliminary results at one month of life

et al. 2020

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Background: Fetal programming during in utero life defines the set point of physiological and metabolic responses that lead into adulthood; events happening in "the first 1,000 days" (from conception to 2-years of age), play a role in the development of non-communicable diseases (NCDs). The infant gut microbiome is a highly dynamic organ, which is sensitive to maternal and environmental factors and is one of the elements driving intergenerational NCDs' transmission. The A.MA.MI (Alimentazione MAmma e bambino nei primi MIlle giorni) project aims at investigating the correlation between several factors, from conception to the first year of life, and infant gut microbiome composition. We described the study design of the A.MA.MI study and presented some preliminary results.Methods: A.MA.MI is a longitudinal, prospective, observational study conducted on a group of mother-infant pairs (n = 60) attending the Neonatal Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia (Italy). The study was planned to provide data collected at T0, T1, T2 and T3, respectively before discharge, 1,6 and 12 months after birth. Maternal and infant anthropometric measurements were assessed at each time. Other variables evaluated were: pre-pregnancy/gestational weight status (T0), maternal dietary habits/physical activity (T1-T3); infant medical history, type of feeding, antibiotics/probiotics/supplements use, environment exposures (e.g cigarette smoking, pets, environmental temperature) (T1-T3). Infant stool samples were planned to be collected at each time and analyzed using metagenomics 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequence-based methods. Results: Birth mode (cesarean section vs. vaginal delivery) and maternal pre pregnancy BMI (BMI < 25 Kg/m 2 vs. BMI ≥ 25 Kg/m 2 ), significant differences were found at genera and species levels (T0). Concerning type of feeding (breastfed vs. formula-fed), gut microbiota composition differed significantly at genus and species level (T1).Conclusion: These preliminary and explorative results confirmed that pre-pregnancy, mode of delivery and infant factors likely impact infant microbiota composition at different levels. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04122612.

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The Impact of Caesarean Section on the Risk of Childhood Overweight and Obesity: New Evidence from a Contemporary Cohort Study

Cited by 40 publications

References 46 publications

Childhood Overweight and Obesity Among the Saudi Population: A Case-Control Study Among School Children

Childhood Overweight and Obesity Among the Saudi Population: A Case-Control Study Among School Children

Pediatrics Consequences of Caesarean Section—A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Prenatal and postnatal determinants in shaping offspring’s microbiome in the first 1000 days: study protocol and preliminary results at one month of life

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