The impact of calcareous nannofossils on the pelagic carbonate accumulation across the Jurassic–Cretaceous boundary

Bornemann, André; Aschwer, Ute; Mutterlose, Jörg

doi:10.1016/s0031-0182(03)00507-8

Cited by 115 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 110 publications

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“…The coccoliths of the family Watznaueriaceae and three nannolithic genera Conusphaera, Polycostella, and Nannoconus dominate the assemblages. This is in accordance with nannofossil studies in other locations at low latitudes sections across the J/K boundary (Thierstein 1971(Thierstein , 1973(Thierstein , 1975Erba 1989;Gardin & Manivit 1993;Özkan 1993; Tavera et al 1994;Bornemann et al 2003;Pszczółkowski & Myczyński 2004;Tremolada et al 2006;Halásová in Michalík et al 2009). The lowermost occurrences of nannofossils are partly obscured due to poor preservation, but we tentatively identified the boundaries of zones and subzones based on certain stratigraphic markers (Polycostella beckmannii, Helenea chiastia, Hexalithus noeliae, Nannoconus wintereri, Nannoconus globulus minor, Nannoconus steinmannii minor, Nannoconus kamptneri minor, Nannoconus steinmannii steinmannii, Nannoconus kamptneri kamptneri, Nannoconus globulus globulus).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

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High resolution stratigraphy of the Jurassic-Cretaceous boundary interval in the Gresten Klippenbelt (Austria)

Lukeneder¹,

Halásová²,

Kroh³

et al. 2010

Geologica Carpathica

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Abstract:The key objective of investigation of hemipelagic sediments from the Gresten Klippenbelt (Blassenstein Formation, Ultrahelvetic paleogeographic realm) was to shed light on environmental changes around the Jurassic-Cretaceous (J/K) boundary on the northern margin of the Penninic Ocean. This boundary is well exposed in a newly discovered site at Nutzhof. Around the critical interval including the boundary, this new outcrop bears a rich microplanktonic assemblage characterized by typical J/K (Tithonian/Berriasian) boundary faunas. The Nutzhof section is located in the Gresten Klippenbelt (Lower Austria) tectonically wedged into the deep-water sediments of the Rhenodanubian Flysch Zone. In Late JurassicEarly Cretaceous time the Penninic Ocean was a side tract of the proto-North Atlantic Oceanic System, intercalated between the European and the Austroalpine plates. Its opening started during the Early Jurassic, induced by sea floor spreading, followed by Jurassic-Early Cretaceous deepening of the depositional area of the Gresten Klippenbelt. These tectonically induced paleogeographic changes are mirrored in the lithology and microfauna that record a deepening of the depositional environment from Tithonian to Berriasian sediments of the Blassenstein Formation at Nutzhof. The main lithological change is observed in the Upper Tithonian Crassicollaria Zone, in Chron M20N, whereas the J/K boundary can be precisely fixed at the Crassicollaria-Calpionella boundary, within Chron M19n.2n. The lithological turnover of the deposition from more siliciclastic pelagic marl-limestone cycles into deep-water pelagic limestones is correlated with the deepening of the southern edge of the European continent at this time. Within the Gresten Klippenbelt Unit, this transition is reflected by the lithostratigraphic boundary between siliciclastic-bearing marl-limestone sedimentation in the uppermost Jurassic and lowermost Cretaceous limestone formation, both within the Blassenstein Formation. The cephalopod fauna (ammonites, belemnites, aptychi) and crinoids from the Blassenstein Formation, correlated with calcareous microfossil and nannofossil data combined with isotope and paleomagnetic data, indicate the Tithonian to middle Berriasian (Hybonoticeras hybonotum Zone up to the Subthurmannia occitanica Zone; M17r-M21r). The succession of the Nutzhof section thus represents deposition of a duration of approximately 7 . The deposition of the limestone, marly limestone and marls in this interval occurred during tectonically unstable conditions reflected by common allodapic material. Along with the integrated biostratigraphic, geochemical and isotopic analysis, the susceptibility and gamma-ray measurements were powerful stratigraphic tools and important for the interpretation of the paleogeographic setting. Two reverse magneto-subzones, Kysuca and Brodno, were detected within magnetozones M20n and M19n, respectively.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

“…This indicates a change in the paleooceanographic regime. From the biostratigraphic point of view, the upper J/K boundary datum based on nannofossils (Bornemann et al 2003).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High resolution stratigraphy of the Jurassic-Cretaceous boundary interval in the Gresten Klippenbelt (Austria)

Lukeneder¹,

Halásová²,

Kroh³

et al. 2010

Geologica Carpathica

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“…Late Jurassic (Oxfordian) carbonate platforms experienced severe growth crises (Weissert & Mohr, 1996), and calcareous nannoplankton underwent a significant global radiation in the Tithonian-Berriasian (Weissert et al, 1998;Bornemann et al, 2003;Falkowski et al, 2004;Weissert & Erba, 2004). However, the Early Cretaceous also saw a dramatic reduction in carbonate production, with a series of repeated 'biocalcification crises', notably in the Valanginian and Aptian (Weissert & Erba, 2004).…”

Section: Environmental Changes During the Late Jurassic-early Crementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the Panboreal realm, this negative trend is coincident with a high abundance of spores and prasinophytes (unicellular green algae), the latter of which might relate to an algal bloom driven by disturbances to marine ecosystems and/or shifts in oceanic productivity (Zakharov et al, 2014). However, the global radiation of calcareous plankton in the Tithonian-Berriasian (Weissert et al, 1998;Bornemann et al, 2003;Falkowski et al, 2004;Weissert & Erba, 2004) is not fully expressed within the δ 13 C record. Within the Boreal-Tethyan region, a positive carbon isotope excursion has been identified (Dzyuba et al, 2013).…”

Section: (2) Sea Level and Stratigraphymentioning

confidence: 99%

Biotic and environmental dynamics through theLateJurassic–EarlyCretaceous transition: evidence for protracted faunal and ecological turnover

et al. 2016

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The Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous interval represents a time of environmental upheaval and cataclysmic events, combined with disruptions to terrestrial and marine ecosystems. Historically, the Jurassic/Cretaceous (J/K) boundary was classified as one of eight mass extinctions. However, more recent research has largely overturned this view, revealing a much more complex pattern of biotic and abiotic dynamics than has previously been appreciated. Here, we present a synthesis of our current knowledge of Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous events, focusing particularly on events closest to the J/K boundary. We find evidence for a combination of short-term catastrophic events, large-scale tectonic processes and environmental perturbations, and major clade interactions that led to a seemingly dramatic faunal and ecological turnover in both the marine and terrestrial realms. This is coupled with a great reduction in global biodiversity which might in part be explained by poor sampling. Very few groups appear to have been entirely resilient to this J/K boundary 'event', which hints at a 'cascade model' of ecosystem changes driving faunal dynamics. Within terrestrial ecosystems, larger, more-specialised organisms, such as saurischian dinosaurs, appear to have suffered the most. Medium-sized tetanuran theropods declined, and were replaced by larger-bodied groups, and basal eusauropods were replaced by neosauropod faunas. The ascent of paravian theropods is emphasised by escalated competition with contemporary pterosaur groups, culminating in the explosive radiation of birds, although the timing of this is obfuscated by biases in sampling. Smaller, more ecologically diverse terrestrial non-archosaurs, such as lissamphibians and mammaliaforms, were comparatively resilient to extinctions, instead documenting the origination of many extant groups around the J/K boundary. In the marine realm, extinctions were focused on low-latitude, shallow marine shelf-dwelling faunas, corresponding to a significant eustatic sea-level fall in the latest Jurassic. More mobile and ecologically plastic marine groups, such as ichthyosaurs, survived the boundary relatively unscathed. High rates of extinction and turnover in other macropredaceous marine groups, including plesiosaurs, are accompanied by the origin of most major lineages of extant sharks. Groups which occupied both marine and terrestrial ecosystems, including crocodylomorphs, document a selective extinction in shallow marine forms, whereas turtles appear to have diversified. These patterns suggest that different extinction selectivity and ecological processes were operating between marine and terrestrial ecosystems, which were ultimately important in determining the fates of many key groups, as well as the origins of many major extant lineages. We identify a series of potential abiotic candidates for driving these patterns, including multiple bolide impacts, several episodes of flood basalt eruptions, dramatic climate change, and major disruptions to oceanic systems. The J/K t...

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“…The offset in abundance between Nannoconus spp., Conusphaera spp., and Polycostella spp. could result from biological competition in the same ecological niche (Bornemann et al 2003) through significant changes in the temperature and nutrient availability during the J/K boundary. The gradual increase in thick calcifying nannoliths since the Middle Tithonian corresponds to the general enhancement of CaCO 3 and with the carbonate accumulation rates in western Tethys and middle Atlantic areas.…”

Section: Paleoecologymentioning

confidence: 99%

The Brodno section — a potential regional stratotype of the Jurassic/Cretaceous boundary (Western Carpathians)

Michalı́k¹,

Reháková²,

Halásová³

et al. 2009

Geologica Carpathica

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Compared to coeval successions from the Carpathians, the continuous Jurassic-Cretaceous (J/K) pelagic limestone succession of the Brodno section offers the best possibility to document the J/K passage in a wide area. This section comprises a complete calpionellid, and nannofossil stratigraphic record, that supports the older paleomagnetic data. Moreover, the sequence stratigraphy and stable isotope (δ 18 O, δ 13 C) data gave important results, too, enabling comparison with known key sections from the Mediterranean Tethys area.Key words: J/K boundary, Western Carpathians, regional stratotype, stable isotopes, biostratigraphy, microfossils, pelagic carbonates. Geological context of the Brodno section: an overviewThe Brodno section is situated in an abandoned quarry on the eastern side of the narrow straits of the Kysuca River Valley north of the town of Žilina (known as the "Kysuca Gate", Fig. 1). It yields a record of hemipelagic marine sedimentation in a marginal zone (the Pieniny Klippen Belt) of the Outer Western Carpathians. The lithology, fossil record (including ammonites and aptychi) and stratigraphy were studied by Andrusov (1938Andrusov ( , 1950Andrusov ( , 1959, Scheibner (1961, 1962, 1967), Borza (1969, Scheibnerová (1969), andSamuel et al. (1988). A more detailed description of the Upper Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous litho-and biostratigraphy was provided by Michalík et al. (1990), Vašíček et al. (1992). Houša et al. (1996) introduced the magnetostratigraphy of the Jurassic/Cretaceous (J/K) boundary beds correlated with the microbiostratigraphic data.This paper discusses the results of an integrated biostratigraphic study using three microplankton groups (calpionellids, calcareous dinoflagellates and nannofossils), as well as stable isotope data (δ 18 O, δ 13 C) in the Brodno section, which is proposed here as the candidate for a West Carpathian regional J/K boundary stratotype. The distribution of the stratigraphically important planktonic organisms revealed several coeval calpionellid and nannofossil bioevents recorded in the pelagic carbonate sequence of the Jurassic/Cretaceous boundary age. The stable isotope data underline environmental changes during the interval studied.According to the International Commission on Jurassic Stratigraphy, it is necessary to search for complete sections, which can provide continuous records of both sedimentation and biotic events across stage boundaries. Although the Brodno section lacks ammonite record, it is presented here as a potential candidate considering its continuously well exposed and biostratigraphically properly documented succession, at least for the West Carpathian region. Material and methodsThe Jurassic/Cretaceous boundary succession was studied using an integrated sequence-, bio-and isotope stratigraphy approach from the detailed rock section sampled. A quantitative microfacies analysis was carried in thin sections for the sequence stratigraphic pattern of these pelagic limestones (see Reháková 2000a; Michalík 2007). The calpionellids an...

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The impact of calcareous nannofossils on the pelagic carbonate accumulation across the Jurassic–Cretaceous boundary

Cited by 115 publications

References 110 publications

High resolution stratigraphy of the Jurassic-Cretaceous boundary interval in the Gresten Klippenbelt (Austria)

High resolution stratigraphy of the Jurassic-Cretaceous boundary interval in the Gresten Klippenbelt (Austria)

Biotic and environmental dynamics through theLateJurassic–EarlyCretaceous transition: evidence for protracted faunal and ecological turnover

The Brodno section — a potential regional stratotype of the Jurassic/Cretaceous boundary (Western Carpathians)

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