The Impact of Cement Kiln Dust and Cement on Cold Mix Asphalt Characteristics at Different Climate

Abstract

Cold bitumen emulsion mixtures (CBEMs) are made up of the same materials that are used in hot mixes. However, asphalt emulsion and water are used in such mixes. To date, many countries are still not using these mixes as a structure layer. This can be attributed mainly to their low resistance to rainfall, long curing time and low early strength. The addition of cementitious filler to CBEMs as a clean paving material is a potential technique to achieve superior mechanical qualities. The aim of this research is to compare improved CBEMs that might be used as a wearing surface to hot mix asphalt (HMA). These improvements were carried out through the use of a combination of cement and limestone, or a combination of ordinary Portland cement (OPC) and cement kiln dust (CKD). CBEMs were prepared according to Egyptian and British gradations using different percentages of ordinary Portland cement (OPC), CKD, and limestone. This may offer a new cold bitumen emulsion mixture to be used as a structural pavement layer in such countries. The main tests performed for the assessment of the mixes in this research are indirect tensile stiffness modulus, fatigue resistance, and resistance to rutting at different temperatures (20°C, 45°C, and 60 °C). The results show that adding OPC to CBEMs enhanced the results in terms of ITSM, rutting and fatigue resistance. However, significant improvements were made by binary filler made of CKD and OPC to the said mechanical properties in terms of both UK and Egyptian gradations. The ITSM values for both CBEMUK6 and CBEMEg6, which contain 80% OPC + 20% CKD, improved by around 8 and 9 times in comparison to CBEMUK1 and CBEMEg1, which contain 20% OPC + 80% L.S, respectively.

Eco-Sustainable Recycling of Cement Kiln Dust (CKD) and Copper Tailings (CT) in the Cemented Paste Backfill

“…In addition, the utilization of CKD in these applications is considered safe and is not accompanied by any adverse effects on health or the environment alike, according to what was stated by The United States environmental protection agency (EPA) [8]. Accordingly, using CKD in various industrial applications contributed to a positive turning point in reducing its adverse economic or environmental effects, as was evident in several investigations [13][14][15][16][17][18].…”

Application of paper sludge ash and incinerated sewage ash in emulsified asphalt cold mixtures

“…Previous investigations have shown that cementitious materials like ordinary Portland cement (OPC) and rapid-setting cement might be used to improve the mechanical properties of EACMs (Kadhim et al, 2018;Abdel-Wahed et al, 2022;Deb and Singh, 2022;Shen et al, 2022). According to certain research, cement can accelerate the demulsification of the asphalt emulsion and increase the EACMs' early age strength by producing cement hydrates (Wang et al, 2015;Dołżycki et al, 2017;Du, 2018;Gan et al, 2022).…”

Experimental and Machine Learning Approach to Investigate the Mechanical Performance of Asphalt Mixtures with Silica Fume Filler

“…The effective utilization of various mineral fillers such as lime [9], hydrated lime [10], limestone powder [11], fly ash [12] and cement [13] to improve the strength of asphalt mixtures has been investigated in various studies. In particular, Portland cement has demonstrated better effectiveness as a filler material [14]; however, on account of high CO 2 emissions associated with cement manufacturing, researchers are constantly looking for alternate environment-friendly filler materials [15].…”