The Impact of Cenozoic Cooling on the Diversity of Planktonic Foraminifera

Fenton, Isabel S.; Pearson, Paul Nicholas; Jones, Tom Dunkley; Farnsworth, Alex; Lunt, D. J.; Markwick, Paul J.; Purvis, Andy

doi:10.1130/abs/2016am-283013

Cited by 1 publication

(9 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Although the spatial distribution of diversity of planktonic foraminifera is likely to emerge from the operation of many different processes, the results of our statistical approaches (GAMM and GF analysis) confirm the importance of SST in controlling the variability in the diversity of planktonic foraminifera (~70%), in line with previous works (e.g., Rutherford and D'Hondt, 2000;Tittensor et al, 2010;Fenton et al, 2016;Rillo et al, 2022). However, they also reveal a significant effect of EKE (~20%), which becomes apparent on the geographic distribution of the various diversity related indices (Figure 2).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…In the current work, kriging was used as an interpolation method to produce maps of diversity (without constraint by any environmental variable). The use of interpolated surfaces permits to better see the underlying patterns, especially when many samples may get overlaid, such as in Figure 3 by Fenton et al (2016). Geostatistical techniques tend to produce smoother maps (unlike machine learning methods, for example, that…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, geographic variability of simple community parameters of a planktonic group has been found to be stable enough in time and space, to reflect the spatial characteristics that approach biogeographical distributions (Angel, 1991). Previous studies, focused on free floating unicellular plankton organisms, including foraminifera, have been used to understand the drivers behind species diversity distribution (Rutherford et al, 1999;Hillebrand and Azovsky, 2001;Martiny et al, 2006;Cermeño and Falkowski, 2009;Rodrıǵuez-Ramos et al, 2015;Fenton et al, 2016;Rillo et al, 2022).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous works studying the ForCenS database were all unanimous that temperature is the main driver of foraminifera community changes and respective biodiversity (e.g. Morey et al, 2005;Fenton et al, 2016;Rillo et al, 2022). However, differences arise in terms of the other drivers that were found to be important, mostly according to the environmental datasets used.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Morey et al (2005) concluded that the secondary drivers of foraminifera community were related to ocean fertility, although not directly (using canonical analysis to evaluate the effect of several environmental variables). Fenton et al (2016) concluded that planktonic foraminifera diversity patterns are explained by multiple processes acting in concert. Rillo et al (2022) observed a constant species turnover rate across the SST gradient up to 25 °C, and concluded that in warmer waters SST is less predictive of species composition turnover (using Bayesian bootstrap generalized dissimilarity models).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Ocean kinetic energy and photosynthetic biomass are important drivers of planktonic foraminifera diversity in the Atlantic Ocean

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

To assess the anthropogenic effect on biodiversity, it is essential to understand the global diversity distribution of the major groups at the base of the food chain, ideally before global warming initiation (1850 Common Era CE). Since organisms in the plankton are highly interconnected and carbonate synthesizing species have a good preservation state in the Atlantic Ocean, the diversity distribution pattern of planktonic foraminifera from 1741 core-top surface sediment samples (expanded ForCenS database) provides a case study to comprehend centennial to decadal time-averaged diversity patterns at pre-1970 CE times, the tempo of the substantial increase in tropospheric warming. In this work, it is hypothesized and tested for the first time, that the large-scale diversity patterns of foraminifera communities are determined by sea surface temperature (SST, representing energy), Chl-a (a surrogate for photosynthetic biomass), and ocean kinetic energy (as EKE). Alpha diversity was estimated using species richness (S), Shannon Wiener index (H), and Simpson evenness (E), and mapped using geostatistical approaches. The three indices are significantly related to SST, Chl-a, and EKE (71-88% of the deviance in the generalized additive mixed model, including a spatial component). Beta diversity was studied through species turnover using gradient forest analysis (59% of the variation). The primary community thresholds of foraminifera species turnover were associated with 5-10 °C and 22-28 °C SST, 0.05-0.15 mg m-3 Chl-a, and 1.2-2.0 cm2 s-2 log10 EKE energy, respectively. Six of the most important foraminifera species identified for the environmental thresholds of beta diversity are also fundamental in transfer functions, further reinforcing the approaches used. The geographic location of the transition between the four main biogeographic zones was redefined based on the results of beta diversity analysis and incorporating the new datasets, identifying the major marine latitudinal gradients, the most important upwelling areas (Benguela Current, Canary Current), the Equatorial divergence, and the subtropical fronts (Gulf Stream-North Atlantic Drift path in the north, and the South Atlantic current in the south). In conclusion, we provide statistical proof that energy (SST), food supply (Chl-a), and currents (EKE) are the main environmental drivers shaping planktonic foraminifera diversity in the Atlantic ocean and define the associated thresholds for species change on those variables.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%