The Impact of Cesarean Section Delivery on Intestinal Microbiota: Mechanisms, Consequences, and Perspectives—A Systematic Review

Abstract

The relationship between cesarean section (CS) delivery and intestinal microbiota is increasingly studied. CS-born infants display distinct gut microbial compositions due to the absence of maternal birth canal microorganisms. These alterations potentially link to long-term health implications like immune-related disorders and allergies. This correlation underscores the intricate connection between birth mode and the establishment of diverse intestinal microbiota. A systematic literature review was conducted on the PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases by analyzing the articles and examining the intricate interactions between CS delivery and the infant’s intestinal microbiota. The analysis, based on a wide-ranging selection of studies, elucidates the multifaceted dynamics involved in CS-associated shifts in the establishment of fetal microbiota. We also explore the potential ramifications of these microbial changes on neonatal health and development, providing a comprehensive overview for clinicians and researchers. By synthesizing current findings, this review contributes to a deeper understanding of the interplay between delivery mode and early microbial colonization, paving the way for informed clinical decisions and future investigations in the field of perinatal medicine.

Regulación del microbioma intestinal y su impacto en la obesidad

“…A diferencia de la investigación realizada por Czarnik y col. (Czarnik et al, 2024) Estos datos difieren de lo reportado con el estudio de Inchingolo y col (Inchingolo et al, 2024), se logró encontrar en mayor medida que ayuda a la modulación del metabolismo, la disfunción de la barrera en la inflamación metabólica. el microbiota intestinal puede influir en el almacenamiento de energía y la regulación del metabolismo de lípidos y carbohidratos, influyendo así en la acumulación de grasa corporal y la utilización de energía.…”

Difference in the Intestinal Microbiota between Breastfeed Infants and Infants Fed with Artificial Milk: A Systematic Review

“…Using advanced sequencing techniques, fecal samples from 20 VLBW preemies were analyzed during both early and late feeding stages. The results highlighted that late stage feeding practices notably impacted both GM composition and oxidative stress levels [94]. Specifically, infants given fortified human milk or only F experienced higher oxidative stress compared to those receiving a mix of human milk (HM) and F. Diets influenced microbial diversity, and infants fed with F had fewer diverse microbes and increased levels of bacteria associated with oxidative stress.…”

The Interaction of Cytokines in Orthodontics: A Systematic Review

“…Cytokine production and migration affects bone and soft tissue metabolism by acting on NF kappa B ligand receptors (RANKL), osteoprotegerin (OPG), matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitors of MMPs (TIMPs) [18,19]. Study findings revealed elevated concentrations of proinflammatory cytokines and markers of tissue and bone metabolism in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) following the application of orthodontic forces [20,21]. Increased levels were observed after 4 h and persisted for up to 6 weeks.…”