The impact of changes in source water quality on trihalomethane and haloacetonitrile formation in chlorinated drinking water

Xue, Chunji; Wang, Qi; Chu, Wenhai; Templeton, Michael R.

doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.06.083

Cited by 40 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Increasing bromide concentrations shifted the distribution of DHANs from DCAN to BCAN and to DBAN. Bromine incorporation factor (BIF) is generally used to explore the degree of bromine substitution [44]. In order to illustrate the influence of bromine on the formation of DHANs during pre-oxidation subsequent chlorination, BIF was estimated using the following equation.…”

Section: Effect Of Bromidementioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Pre-Oxidation on Haloacetonitrile and Trichloronitromethane Formation during Subsequent Chlorination of Nitrogenous Organic Compounds

Wang

Lin

Shen

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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The reaction between organic matter and disinfectants leads to the formation of disinfection byproducts (DBPs) in drinking water. With the improvement of detection technology and in-depth research, more than 1000 kinds of DBPs have been detected in drinking water. Nitrogenous DBPs (N-DBPs) are more genotoxic and cytotoxic than the regulated DBPs. The main methods are enhanced coagulation, pretreatment, and depth technologies which based are on conventional technology. Amino acids (AAs) are widely found in surface waters and play an important role by providing precursors from which toxic nitrogenous disinfection by-products (N-DBPs) are generated in chlorinated drinking water. The formation of N-DBPs, including dichloroacetonitrile, trichloroacetonitrile, and trichloronitromethane (TCNM), was investigated by analyzing chlorinated water using ozone (OZ), permanganate (PM), and ferrate (Fe(VI)) pre-oxidation processes. This paper has considered the control of pre-oxidation over N-DBPs formation of AAs, OZ, PM, and Fe(VI) pre-oxidation reduced the haloacetonitrile formation in the downstream chlorination. PM pre-oxidation decreased the TCNM formation during the subsequent chlorination, while Fe(VI) pre-oxidation had no significant influence on the TCNM formation, and OZ pre-oxidation increased the formation. OZ pre-oxidation formed the lowest degree of bromine substitution during subsequent chlorination of aspartic acid in the presence of bromide. Among the three oxidants, PM pre-oxidation was expected to be the best choice for reducing the estimated genotoxicity and cytotoxicity of the sum of the measured haloacetonitriles (HANs) and TCNM without bromide. Fe(VI) pre-oxidation had the best performance in the presence of bromide.

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Section: Effect Of Bromidementioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Pre-Oxidation on Haloacetonitrile and Trichloronitromethane Formation during Subsequent Chlorination of Nitrogenous Organic Compounds

Wang

Lin

Shen

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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“…The dangers of HA in water manifest as a result of the use of disinfection processes such as chlorination. HA combines with disinfectants to form disinfection by-products (DBPs), such as trihalomethanes, halonitromethanes, haloacetonitriles, haloamides, halofuranones, iodo-acids and others, which are known to be carcinogenic and have the potential of causing adverse effects to human life (Fan et al, 2014;Hu et al, 2016;Jian et al, 2016;Kim et al, 2015;Linge et al, 2013;Xue et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of robust flexible polyethersulfone ultrafiltration membranes supported on non-woven fabrics for separation of NOM from water

Tshabalala¹,

Nxumalo²,

Mamba³

et al. 2016

WSA

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This work describes the synthesis of structurally robust ultrafiltration (UF) polyethersulfone (PES) membranes supported on three different types of non-woven fabrics (NWFs) prepared using a simple phase inversion method. The NWF supported membranes exhibited high mechanical strength compared to the unsupported PES membranes modified with polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) due to the strength provided by the NWFs. The tensile strength of the supported PVP modified membranes was ~7 MPa compared to ~2 MPa observed for the PVP modified unsupported UF membranes. The use of the NWFs clearly provides robustness to the modified membranes. The membrane surfaces became hydrophilic with addition of PVP and the pore sizes increased with an increase in PVP concentration (scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results). The rejection of humic acid (as a model NOM compound) was 98% for PES on NWF1, while PES membranes supported on NWF2 and NWF3 gave rejections of 94% and 96%, respectively; all with good fouling resistance. This work demonstrates that the use of a NWF support allows for the modification of the surface of the membranes without compromising the overall strength of the membranes, but more importantly the ability of the membranes to reject HA while exhibiting high resistance to fouling.

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“…[1][2][3] Bactericides and antibiotics are often used as bacterial inactivation agents in water although there is concern about their toxicity and effect on manufactured products. [4][5][6] Cost-effective approaches, such as those involving ozone, ultraviolet light, or electrochemical methods, have been used because they do not lead to the formation of lethal amounts of toxic compounds in the treated water. 7,8 Localized heat generation using magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) and an alternating magnetic field (AMF) has been proposed as a novel technique for the inactivation of microorganisms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacterial Inactivation by Applying an Alternating Electromagnetic Field Using PAMAM Dendron-modified Magnetic Nanoparticles

et al. 2016

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In this study, a method involving polyamidoamine dendron-modified magnetic nanoparticles (PAMAM-MNPs) along with application of an alternating magnetic field (AMF) was developed for inactivation of bacteria in water samples. The PAMAM-MNPs efficiently bound to Escherichia coli cells, resulting in magnetic recovery of cells from aqueous solutions. By applying the AMF (5 kW, 250 kHz) to the cell suspension, E. coli cells were successfully inactivated within 10 min in the presence of the MNPs, while no effect was observed in the absence of the MNPs. The use of PAMAM-MNPs could increase the inactivation rate of E. coli under the applied AMF. E. coli cells with PAMAM-MNPs stained by propidium iodide (PI) exhibited apparent fluorescence after exposure to the AMF, suggesting the occurrence of membrane damage in the cells because of direct heat transfer from the PAMAM-MNPs. Our technique can be used to address bacterial contamination with wide varieties of microorganisms in water samples.

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The impact of changes in source water quality on trihalomethane and haloacetonitrile formation in chlorinated drinking water

Cited by 40 publications

References 27 publications

Effects of Pre-Oxidation on Haloacetonitrile and Trichloronitromethane Formation during Subsequent Chlorination of Nitrogenous Organic Compounds

Effects of Pre-Oxidation on Haloacetonitrile and Trichloronitromethane Formation during Subsequent Chlorination of Nitrogenous Organic Compounds

Synthesis of robust flexible polyethersulfone ultrafiltration membranes supported on non-woven fabrics for separation of NOM from water

Bacterial Inactivation by Applying an Alternating Electromagnetic Field Using PAMAM Dendron-modified Magnetic Nanoparticles

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