The impact of child abuse on the neurobiology of self-processing in depressed adolescents

Abstract

Child abuse is linked to lifetime psychopathology including abnormal self-processing. Given self-processing maturation in adolescence, we tested duration, presence, and abuse accumulation's impact upon self-processing neurobiology among depressed youth with (N = 54) and without an abuse history (N = 40). Youth evaluated positive and negative self-descriptors across four points of view in the scanner. Regression analyses showed that longer abuse duration (in days) was associated with lower activity in inferior temporal (e.g. insula, fusiform & parahippocampus), striatal, cerebellar and midbrain structures when processing negative self-descriptors with the least activity in youth exposed to 6+ abuse years. Abuse presence vs. absence was linked to higher neural activity . However, youth exposed to a single abuse instance to 3 years of abuse might drive that relative neural hyperactivity. Results support: 1) the toxic stress model of blunted overall neuro-reactivity underpinning emotion, sensorimotor gating, and social cognition during negative stimuli as an adaptation to pervasively toxic environments and 2) the differential impact of acute versus chronic stress upon neurophysiological indices. Finally, child abuse duration might impact these ancillary and higher socioemotional processes differently among depressed youth primarily for negative but not positive self-processing.

Self-concept mediates the relationships between childhood traumatic experiences and adolescent depression in both clinical and community samples

“…Interestingly, our chain mediation analyses suggested that childhood trauma experiences may first be linked to physical self-concept and then to social self-concept, ultimately resulting in depression. Previous research has shown that childhood trauma may increase negative self-processing by reducing brain activity in regions associated with socioemotional processes [ 61 ]. This reduction in brain activity may contribute to lower self-image, acceptance, and self-esteem, resulting in anxiety and depressive symptoms [ 62 , 63 ].…”

Use of Self-Figure Drawing as an Assessment Tool for Child Abuse: Differentiating between Sexual, Physical, and Emotional Abuse

“…Depression was known to be one of the common consequences of child abuse that extended to adulthood [ 78 ]. In this study, there was a negative correlation between depression and asymmetry or horizontal arm position (signifying crying for help, poor self-esteem, and avoiding contact with environment).…”