The Impact of Childhood Migration on Educational Attainment: Evidence from rural–urban migrants in Indonesia

Abstract

This paper estimates the effect of migrating permanently as a child from a rural area to an urban area; focusing on long-term educational attainment in Indonesia. We conduct a household survey specifically tailored to collect data on urban-rural migrants in four major migrant destination cities in Indonesia, and merge the data with a nationally representative survey to create a dataset that contains migrants in urban areas and non-migrants in rural areas who were born in the same rural districts. We find that individuals who migrated to the city as children attained three more years of education, compared to observably similar individuals who remained in rural areas. We find no gender differences in the benefit of childhood migration. Finally, age at migration and the size of network in the city do not significantly affect the educational attainment of childhood migrants.

Migrating for Children's Better Future: Intergenerational Mobility of Internal Migrants' Children in Indonesia

“…The finding on education is consistent with the results from previous studies. The magnitude of this finding is similar to the Resosudarmo and Suryadarma (2014) study that uses data from Rural-Urban Migration in China and Indonesia (RuMiCI). They found that permanently migrating as a child adds 4.5 years of schooling.…”

“…In another study, higher social status of the migrants results in a higher propensity to climb the social ladder, as the poor migrants have fewer opportunities than more prosperous migrants to experience upward mobility (McCulloch et al, 2007). Resosudarmo and Suryadarma (2014) also find that migrants' children in urban areas spend on average three more years at school than similar children in rural areas. The study shows that migrants' children have more human capital investment than non-migrants' children, which may result in a less intergenerational persistence.…”

Can Rural-Urban Migrants Escape from Poverty? Evidence from Four Indonesian Cities

“…In practice, RUMiCI tries to obtain the same proportion of migrants and nonmigrants in each selected city to maximize the accuracy of estimates. However, there are some difficulties in finding the large number of recent migrant households in some cities, giving around 900 households for each nonmigrant household and lifetime migrant household, and around 600 households only for recent migrants(Resosudarmo et al, 2009b).3 This is conducted by svyoprobit on Stata using sampling weight based on the estimated migrant population from specific district in the Population Census 2010 (IPUMS International), following a method similar to that ofResosudarmo and Suryadarma (2014).…”

Pengelolaan Keuangan Dana Desa

“…Hal ini mengindikasikan adanya penurunan kualitas dalam pengelolaan anggaran desa karena masih banyak pe ngeluaran dalam anggaran belum digunakan untuk kegiatan-kegiatan sesuai dengan program yang seharusnya sudah berjalan (Resosudarmo & Suryadarma, 2014;Suryahadi, Hadiwidjaja, & Sumarto, 2012). Peraturan Bupati setempat menunjukkan teknis pelaksanaan ADD mengatur bagai mana besaran dalam mengalokasikan dana menunjukkan bahwa pelaksanaan yang dilakukan di Kabupaten Ogan Ilir ada lah kegiatan yang sifatnya spesific grant.…”