The Impact of Climate on Flowering in the High Arctic—The Case of<i>Dryas</i>in a Hybrid Zone

Høye, Toke T.; Ellebjerg, Susanne M.; Philipp, Marianne

doi:10.1657/1523-0430(06-018)[hoye]2.0.co;2

Cited by 47 publications

(82 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…(a) Reproduction (i) Interactions between plants and abiotic factors Flowering too early can expose plants to cold weather conditions and damaging frosts (Inouye 2000(Inouye , 2008Høye et al 2007). Flowering too late can leave too little time for fruits to develop or for germination to occur before the end of the growing season.…”

Section: Phenological Effects On Survival and Reproductive Successmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of phenological mismatches on demography

Miller‐Rushing

Høye

Inouye

et al. 2010

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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542

517

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Climate change is altering the phenology of species across the world, but what are the consequences of these phenological changes for the demography and population dynamics of species? Time-sensitive relationships, such as migration, breeding and predation, may be disrupted or altered, which may in turn alter the rates of reproduction and survival, leading some populations to decline and others to increase in abundance. However, finding evidence for disrupted relationships, or lack thereof, and their demographic effects, is difficult because the necessary detailed observational data are rare. Moreover, we do not know how sensitive species will generally be to phenological mismatches when they occur. Existing long-term studies provide preliminary data for analysing the phenology and demography of species in several locations. In many instances, though, observational protocols may need to be optimized to characterize timing-based multi-trophic interactions. As a basis for future research, we outline some of the key questions and approaches to improving our understanding of the relationships among phenology, demography and climate in a multi-trophic context. There are many challenges associated with this line of research, not the least of which is the need for detailed, long-term data on many organisms in a single system. However, we identify key questions that can be addressed with data that already exist and propose approaches that could guide future research.

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Section: Phenological Effects On Survival and Reproductive Successmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of phenological mismatches on demography

Miller‐Rushing

Høye

Inouye

et al. 2010

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

Self Cite

542

517

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“…For plants, snowmelt dictates the onset of activity by allowing photosynthesis (Buus-Hinkler et al 2006) and subsequent flowering, especially in early flowering species (Høye, Ellebjerg, and Philipp 2007a). For arthropods as poikilothermic animals, a warmer temperature not only speeds up development but also increases the metabolic rate during the inactive overwintering phase.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatiotemporal snowmelt patterns within a high Arctic landscape, with implications for flora and fauna

Kankaanpää

Skov

Abrego

et al. 2018

Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research

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Snow conditions are important drivers of the distribution and phenology of Arctic flora and fauna, but the extent and effects of local variation in snowmelt are still inadequately studied. We analyze snowmelt patterns within the Zackenberg valley in northeast Greenland. Drawing on landscapelevel snowmelt dates and meteorological data from a central climate station, we model snowmelt trends during 1998-2014. We then use time-lapse photographs to examine consistency in spatiotemporal snowmelt patterns during 2006-2014. Finally, we use monitoring data on arthropods and plants for 1998-2014 to investigate how snowmelt date affects the phenology of Arctic organisms. Despite large interannual variation in snowmelt timing, we find consistency in the relative order of snowmelt among sites within the landscape. With a slight overall advancement in snowmelt during the study period, early melting locations have advanced more than late-melting ones. Individual organism groups differ greatly in how their phenology shifts with snowmelt, with much variance attributable to variation in life history and diet. Overall, we note that local variation in snowmelt patterns may drive important ecological processes, and that more attention should be paid to variability within landscapes. Areas optimal for a given taxon vary between years, thereby creating spatial structure in a seemingly uniform landscape. ARTICLE HISTORY

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“…There were many flowers in a year with a warm, long growing season (2015) following a year with a warm, long growing season (2014). Possible reasons for the low flower abundance in 2014 could be that the 2013 growing season might have been too short or temperatures may not have been warm enough for the species to pre-form flower buds (Sørensen 1941;Høye et al 2007;Ellebjerg et al 2008;Panchen and Gorelick 2015). In 2013, the mean temperature in August, the month in which flower bud differentiation is suspended (Sørensen 1941), was already below freezing but was above freezing in 2012, 2014 and 2015.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The strategy to maximise sexual reproductive success by pre-forming flower buds in the prior year or years can only be effective if consecutive years have a long, warm growing season; the first year must be long enough and warm enough to pre-form sufficient flower buds (Høye et al 2007;Ellebjerg et al 2008;Panchen and Gorelick 2015), the second year must be long enough and warm enough to produce viable seed and a subsequent year must be long enough and warm enough to produce surviving seedlings (Muller et al 2011).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(Arctic Willow; Supitit [Aiken et al 2007]; Salicaceae) and Papaver radicatum Rottb. (Arctic Poppy; Igutsat niqingit [Mallory and Aiken 2012]; Papaveraceae) are influenced by the sum of temperatures above 0°C (heat sum) in the preceding year's growing season, while flower abundance of Dryas species is influenced by snow depth in the preceding winter and heat sum in the preceding and current growing seasons (Høye et al 2007;Ellebjerg et al 2008). In Svalbard, Norway, C. tetragona flower abundance is influenced by snow depth in the context of extreme weather events, where shallow snow depth and an extremely warm spell mid-winter resulted in reduced flower numbers the following summer (Semenchuk et al 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Arctic Plants Produce Vastly Different Numbers of Flowers in Three Contrasting Years at Lake Hazen, Quttinirpaaq National Park, Ellesmere Island, Nunavut, Canada

Panchen¹

2016

Can Field Nat

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To maximise reproductive success in the short Arctic growing season, plants pre-form flower buds the year prior to flowering. Flower bud production depends on warm ambient temperatures. Thus, although currently Arctic plants have low rates of sexual reproductive success, the warming climate may increase reproductive success. Following the long, warm growing season in 2012, plants at Lake Hazen, Ellesmere Island, produced many flowers in the short, cold growing season of 2013. Conversely, few flowers were produced in 2014, a long, warm growing season, but many flowers were produced in 2015, another long, warm growing season. Potentially higher rates of reproductive success in a warming climate could be compromised if consecutive years do not have long, warm growing seasons.

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The Impact of Climate on Flowering in the High Arctic—The Case ofDryasin a Hybrid Zone

Cited by 47 publications

References 31 publications

The effects of phenological mismatches on demography

The effects of phenological mismatches on demography

Spatiotemporal snowmelt patterns within a high Arctic landscape, with implications for flora and fauna

Arctic Plants Produce Vastly Different Numbers of Flowers in Three Contrasting Years at Lake Hazen, Quttinirpaaq National Park, Ellesmere Island, Nunavut, Canada

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