The impact of climate targets on future steel production – an analysis based on a global energy system model

Morfeldt, Johannes; Nijs, Wouter; Silveira, Semida

doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2014.04.045

Cited by 139 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Another input needed is the future steel demand projections, and this is where the linkage between the SAAM and the TIMESbased model is created in a recursive manner. The methodology for the development and application of SAAM is described in more detail in Morfeldt et al (2015) and Xylia et al (2014). SAAM was updated from a first global version in the first study to a second version in which country-detail and regional aggregation was included.…”

Section: Scrap Availability Assessment Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The model divides available scrap into three categories: (i) own scrap (produced within the steel plant from production processes), (ii) new scrap (also known as pre-consumer, or HQ scrap, produced from steel manufacturing processes), and (iii) old scrap (also known as post-consumer, LQ scrap, produced at the end of life of steel products) (Morfeldt et al 2015). Own and new scraps are considered to be immediately available for recycling.…”

Section: Scrap Availability Assessment Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Weighing regional scrap availability in global pathways for steel production processes

et al. 2017

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This study analyses the impact of the rising availability of steel scrap on the future steel production up to the year 2100 and implications for steel production capacity planning. Steel production processes are energy, resource, and emission intensive, but there are significant variations due to different production routes, product mixes, and processes. This analysis is based on the development of steel demand, using the Steel Optimization Model, which provides a region-detailed representation of technologies, energy and material flows, and trade activities. It is linked to the Scrap Availability Assessment Model which estimates the theoretical steel scrap availability. Aggregated crude steel production is estimated to evolve into an almost balanced split by 2050 between the primary production route using iron ore in the blast oven furnace and the secondary route using mostly steel scrap in the electric arc furnace. By 2060, the share of secondary steel production will exceed the share of primary steel production globally. The results also estimate a global increase in scrap use from 611 Mtonnes in 2015 to 1500 Mtonnes in 2050, with the highest growth being for postconsumer scrap. In 2050, almost 50% of postconsumer scrap is expected to be traded, with the main exporter being China and major importing regions being Africa, India, and other developing Asian countries. The results provide valuable insights on scrap availability and capacity development at the regional level for producers contemplating new investments. Regional availability, quality, and trade patterns of scrap will influence production route choices, possibly in favor of secondary routes. Also, policy instruments such as carbon taxation may affect investment choices and favor more energyefficient and less carbon-intensive emerging technologies.

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Section: Scrap Availability Assessment Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Scrap Availability Assessment Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Weighing regional scrap availability in global pathways for steel production processes

et al. 2017

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“…Any steel product has its own life cycle consisting of ore extraction, production, processing and finishing, product use, recycling or withdrawal at the end of its life cycle (Morfeldt et al, 2015). All steel products have limited usable life cycle after which they lose their properties and become scrap that can be returned to the reproductive cycle (Bramfitt and Brenscoter, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Steel primary production requires high process energy and large amounts of coal, resulting in high CO 2 emissions (steel production is the major source of carbon dioxide emissions). Secondary production technique has a lower energy requirement (about one-third of the energy for primary production) and CO 2 emissions (less than one-quarter of the emissions during the primary production) (Oda et al, 2013;Morfeldt et al, 2015). Recycling and reuse of steel component influence to the decrease in CO 2 emissions, decrease in use of iron ore as ferrous resource, reduction of waste and used energy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Posibilidades de reutilización de la chatarra de acero para la obtención de cuchillas para cortar

et al. 2017

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ABSTRACT:The paper presents the characterization results of various types of steel component at the end of product life with the unknown chemical composition, mechanical properties and previously implemented thermo-mechanical treatment. This study was done aiming to examine the possibilities for reuse of some endof-life agricultural and industrial steel products in order to obtain blades for knives in non-industrial conditions with appropriate and acceptable properties. Demanded shapes of the blades were obtained by applying various types of thermo-mechanical treatment. Chemical analysis of the investigated steel components was done using the energy-dispersive spectrometer. The microstructure was analyzed using optical and scanning electron microscopy. Hardness of analyzed steel scrap and obtained blades was measured using Rockwell C scale. The hardness values of the obtained blades (with optional quenching or not) indicate to a good selection of the steel end-of-life products for this purpose. RESUMEN:Posibilidades de reutilización de la chatarra de acero para la obtención de cuchillas para cortar. El trabajo presenta los resultados de la caracterización de diversos tipos de aceros que han llegado al final de su ciclo de vida útil, y de los que se desconocía su composición química, propiedades mecánicas y tratamiento termomecánico aplicado previamente. El estudio se realizó con el objetivo de analizar las posibilidades de reutilización de algunos de estos materiales en aplicaciones agrícolas e industriales, obteniendo hojas de corte. Las formas exigidas a las hojas de corte se consiguieron aplicando diversos tipos de tratamientos termomecánicos. El análisis químico de la chatarra de acero de acero se realizó utilizando Energías Dispersivas de Rayos X. La microestructura se estudió utilizando Microscopía Óptica y Microscopía Electrónica de Barrido. La dureza de la chatarra de acero y de las cuchillas obtenidas se midió utilizando la escala Rockwell C. Los valores de dureza de las cuchillas obtenidas indican una buena selección de los productos finales de acero.

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“…Morfeldt et al [35] addressed how a global climate target may influence iron and steel production technology deployment and scrap use. They used a global energy system model (ETSAP-TIAM) and developed a Scrap Availability Assessment Model (SAAM) to analyze the relation between steel demand, recycling and the availability of scrap and their implications for steel production technology choices.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of biomass applied to a cogeneration system: A steelmaking industry case

Oliveira

Assis

Leal

et al. 2015

Applied Thermal Engineering

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The impact of climate targets on future steel production – an analysis based on a global energy system model

Cited by 139 publications

References 23 publications

Weighing regional scrap availability in global pathways for steel production processes

Weighing regional scrap availability in global pathways for steel production processes

Posibilidades de reutilización de la chatarra de acero para la obtención de cuchillas para cortar

Study of biomass applied to a cogeneration system: A steelmaking industry case

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