“…The in-terminal activities include cargo storage and consolidation facilities, packing and documentation, custom clearance, cargo tracing and tracking, loss/damage claims, delayed delivery, information and transportation services and customer services from unloading at berth to landside exit gate (Burns, 2015;Lu, 2007). While these activities consume resources within the terminal, we argue the strategic bundling of these resources based on principles of lean practices (Tortorella & Fettermann, 2018), relationship management (Prajogo, Oke, & Olhager, 2016), optimisation of logistics operations through resource integration (Prajogo et al, 2016), and information sharing (Shee, Miah, Fairfield, & Pujawan, 2018). Lean practices transform information and knowledge about lean into activities that help reduce errors and waste (Tortorella & Fettermann, 2018).…”