The impact of co-infections on the haematological profile of East African Short-horn Zebu calves

Wyk, Ilana Conradie van; Goddard, Amelia; Bronsvoort, Barend Mark de Clare; Coetzer, Jacobus A.W.; Handel, Ian; Hanotte, Olivier; Jennings, Amy; Lesosky, Maia; Kiara, Henry K.; Thumbi, S.M.; Toye, Phil; Woolhouse, Mark; Penzhorn, Barend Louis

doi:10.1017/s0031182013001625

Cited by 20 publications

(22 citation statements)

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“…The mean TWBC, neutrophil and lymphocyte counts for T. vivax infected WASH cattle in this study were higher than those for the uninfected. Similar observations of leukocytosis due to trypanosome infection have been made in rabbits ( Emeribe & Anosa, 1991), vervet monkeys ( Kagira et al , 2006) and Zebu cattle ( Berthier et al , 2015; Van Wyk et al , 2014). Ilemobade et al (1982) suggested that trypanosome-induced severe leukopenia could compromise the protective immunity of cattle to other diseases.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Haematology of N’Dama and West African Short Horn cattle herds under natural Trypanosoma vivax challenge in Ghana

et al. 2018

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Animal trypanosomosis is a major cause of economic loss in Background: livestock production in Africa. A suggested control measure is to use breeds with traits of trypanotolerance. The study examines the effect of natural challenge on haematological parameters in two Trypanosoma vivax trypanotolerant cattle [N'Dama and West African Short Horn (WASH)] herds.-specific primers were used to diagnose infection in Methods: T. vivax T. vivax an N'Dama herd at Cape Coast in southern Ghana and a WASH herd at Chegbani in northern Ghana from May to July 2011 in a cross-sectional study. Levels of haematological parameters comprising packed cell volume (PCV), haemoglobin (Hb) concentration and total red blood cell (RBC) and white blood cell (WBC) counts; differential WBC counts (neutrophils, lymphocytes, eosinophils, monocytes and basophils); and RBC indices of mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH) and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) were determined in blood samples and then compared between infected and uninfected cattle.We found that haematological indices for infected and uninfected Results: animals in both breeds were within the normal range. However, the mean PCV values for -infected WASH and N'Dama were lower in infected T. vivax compared to uninfected animals. The difference was significant ( < 0.05) in p N'Dama but not in WASH. The RBC indices were higher in infected N'Dama compared to infected WASH with a significant difference in total RBC ( < p 0.05).We conclude from our findings that despite the presence of Conclusion: infection by , N'Dama and WASH cattle maintained their T. vivax haematological parameters within acceptable normal ranges, and this underscores the need for routine diagnosis and treatment so that such trypanotolerant cattle do not serve as potential reservoirs of trypanosome parasites.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Haematology of N’Dama and West African Short Horn cattle herds under natural Trypanosoma vivax challenge in Ghana

et al. 2018

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“…Since parasites can bring about distinct changes to host hematology, body condition and immune investment (Budischak et al., 2012, van Wyk et al., 2014), it follows that even disparate parasites can boost (Monteiro et al., 2007b, Knowles, 2011, Thumbi et al., 2014) or suppress one another (Moreno et al., 2013) via their influences on host immune function (Cox, 2001, Ulrich and Schmid-Hempel, 2012). Although the logistics and economics of collecting long-term, individual-based infection data are challenging, these data are critical to study the effects of age, social structure, life history, time, seasonal variation, and co-infection on disease dynamics (Clutton-Brock and Sheldon, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal and demographic blood parasite dynamics in two free-ranging neotropical primates

Erkenswick

Watsa

Gozalo

et al. 2017

International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife

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Parasite-host relationships are influenced by several factors intrinsic to hosts, such as social standing, group membership, sex, and age. However, in wild populations, temporal variation in parasite distributions and concomitant infections can alter these patterns. We used microscropy and molecular methods to screen for naturally occurring haemoparasitic infections in two Neotropical primate host populations, the saddleback (Leontocebus weddelli) and emperor (Saguinus imperator) tamarin, in the lowland tropical rainforests of southeastern Peru. Repeat sampling was conducted from known individuals over a three-year period to test for parasite-host and parasite-parasite associations. Three parasites were detected in L. weddelli including Trypanosoma minasense, Mansonella mariae, and Dipetalonema spp., while S. imperator only hosted the latter two. Temporal variation in prevalence was observed in T. minasense and Dipetalonema spp., confirming the necessity of a multi-year study to evaluate parasite-host relationships in this system. Although callitrichids display a distinct reproductive dominance hierarchy, characterized by single breeding females that typically mate polyandrously and can suppress the reproduction of subdominant females, logistic models did not identify sex or breeding status as determining factors in the presence of these parasites. However, age class had a positive effect on infection with M. mariae and T. minasense, and adults demonstrated higher parasite species richness than juveniles or sub-adults across both species. Body weight had a positive effect on the presence of Dipetalonema spp. The inclusion of co-infection variables in statistical models of parasite presence/absence data improved model fit for two of three parasites. This study verifies the importance and need for broad spectrum and long-term screening of parasite assemblages of natural host populations.

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“…(Silatsa, Simo, et al, 2019b). It is, however, possible that other Rhipicephalus and Hyalomma species that are present in Cameroon for which the ability to transmit T. parva infection has been demonstrated experimentally could potentially evolve to become vectors in future (Norval et al, 1992;Theiler, 1909;Uilenberg, 1981 (Silatsa, Simo, et al, 2019b), the infected animals do not currently pose any risk of infection to naive cattle, although this situation could change in future, since certain AEZs, such as the Adamawa plateau, the western highlands and the coastal belt are climatically suitable for establishment of the major vector R. appendiculatus (Walker et al, 2003).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other confirmed vectors are R. zambeziensis in parts of Southern Africa and R. duttoni in Angola. Additionally, other Rhipicephalus and Hyalomma species have been shown experimentally to be potential vectors of T. parva group parasites (Norval et al, 1992;Theiler, 1909;Uilenberg, 1981).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First detection of Theileria parva in cattle from Cameroon in the absence of the main tick vector Rhipicephalus appendiculatus

Silatsa

Simo

Githaka

et al. 2020

Transbound Emerg Dis

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A major risk factor for the spread of livestock diseases and their vectors is the uncontrolled transboundary movement of live animals for trade and grazing. Such movements constrain effective control of tick‐transmitted pathogens, including Theileria parva. Only limited studies have been undertaken to identify ticks and tick‐borne diseases (TTBDs) affecting cattle in central African countries, including Cameroon. We hereby report the collection of baseline data on the prevalence of T. parva in Cameroon through a countrywide cross‐sectional survey, conducted in 2016, involving collection of blood samples from cattle from 63 sites across the five agro‐ecological zones (AEZs) of the country. ELISA‐based surveillance of infected cattle was performed on 479 randomly selected samples and revealed specific antibodies to T. parva in 22.7% and T. mutans in 41.1% of cattle. Screening of 1,340 representative DNA samples for the presence of T. parva identified 25 (1.86%) positives using a p104 antigen gene‐based nested PCR assay. The positives were distributed across agro‐ecological zones I, II, III and V. None of the p104 positive cattle exhibited clinical symptoms of East Coast fever (ECF). Using reverse line blot (RLB), 58 (4.3%) and 1,139 (85%) of the samples reacted with the T. parva and T. mutans oligonucleotide probes, respectively. This represents the first report of T. parva from Cameroon. Surprisingly, no Rhipicephalus appendiculatus ticks, the main vector of T. parva, were identified in a parallel study involving comprehensive morphological and molecular survey of tick species present in the country. Only two of the 25 p104 positive cattle were PCR‐positive for the CD8+ T‐cell target schizont‐expressed antigen gene Tp1. Cloning and sequencing of Tp1 amplicons revealed sequence identity with the reference T. parva Muguga. This new finding raises serious concerns of a potential spread of ECF into the central African region.

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The impact of co-infections on the haematological profile of East African Short-horn Zebu calves

Cited by 20 publications

References 39 publications

Haematology of N’Dama and West African Short Horn cattle herds under natural Trypanosoma vivax challenge in Ghana

Haematology of N’Dama and West African Short Horn cattle herds under natural Trypanosoma vivax challenge in Ghana

Temporal and demographic blood parasite dynamics in two free-ranging neotropical primates

First detection of Theileria parva in cattle from Cameroon in the absence of the main tick vector Rhipicephalus appendiculatus

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