The Impact of College Education on Rape Myth Acceptance, Alcohol Expectancies, and Bystander Attitudes

Everyday Talk: Perpetuating Cultures of Sexual Violence on College Campuses

“…Many assume colleges should be implementing education programs to lower rape myth acceptance and raise awareness about rape, but researchers are finding many colleges which have implemented these programs do not necessarily have lowered rates of rape myth acceptance among their students (Singh, Orwat, & Grossman, 2011;Powers, Leili, Hagman, & Cohn, 2015). And while some studies have found educational programs to lower rape myth acceptance for high school students transitioning to college, they have not been able to track longevity of the attitude shifts (Fey & Medway, 2006).…”

“…Why is it that these programs have little to no effect on attitudes towards rape? These authors suggest the attitudes are so heavily ingrained in our culture, everyday language, and societal norms, that one educational course cannot change the altitude of the situation (Fey & Medway, 2006;Singh, Orwat, & Grossman, 2011;Powers, Leili, Hagman, & Cohn, 2015). The way individuals talk and bond over shared experiences leaves a heavier weight on their values and norms than one college class.…”

“…The heightened risks go along with a heightened environment, creating a culture of rape on college campuses. Unfortunately, programming to eliminate rape myth acceptance and negative attitudes towards women has not been successful, and it seems the change has not been successful due to deeply ingrained values within the culture (Fey & Medway, 2006;Singh, Orwat, & Grossman, 2011;Powers, Leili, Hagman, & Cohn, 2015). To identify how rape culture is perpetuated, it is of value to look at social construction of this issue and apply the concepts of language, power, and subjectivity for analysis.…”

Escalonamento psicofísico da atitude sexual como ferramenta de investigação de violência sexual

“…Gênero é um dos aspectos mais destacados e robustos, com diversos estudos (Hendrick, Hendrick, Slapion-Foote, & Foote, 1985;Le Gall, Mullet, & Shafighi, 2002;Fischtein, Herold, & Desmarais, 2007;Waite, Laumann Das, & Schumm, 2009) (Feild, 1978), são mais compreensivas com a vítima (Nagel, Matsuo, McIntyre, & Morrison, 2005) e punitivas com os estupradores (Howells, Shaw, Greasley, Robertson, Gloster, & Metcalfe, 1984), aceitam menos o comportamento sexual agressivo (Dull & Giacopassi, 1987), aderem menos aos mitos de estupro (Anderson et al, 1997;Powers, Leili, Hagman, & Cohn, 2015;Suarez & Gadalla, 2010), são menos tolerantes do assédio sexual (Ford & Donis, 1996) e minimizam menos os danos associados à violência sexual (Flood & Pease, 2009) do que os homens. Peplau (2003) chega a afirmar que a agressão está mais intimamente relacionada à sexualidade para os homens do que para as mulheres.…”

“…Até mesmo em metaanálises, a aceitação de mitos de estupro aumentou conforme se diminuiu o nível socioeconômico (Anderson et al, 1997;Suarez & Gadalla, 2010). Entretanto, Powers et al (2015), ao recrutar sujeitos através de anúncios na comunidade e em universidades, não encontrou diferenças significativas na aceitação de mitos de estupro baseadas em experiência universitária de seus respondentes. portanto, era de se esperar que algum nível de discriminação das palavras ocorresse.…”