The Impact of Comorbidities on the Pharmacological Management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Hussain, Shazia; Chowdhury, Tahseen A

doi:10.1007/s40265-019-1061-4

Cited by 29 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 96 publications

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“…This pattern is also extending comorbidity levels in diabetes, as less premature deaths due to CVD causes means patients have more time to develop other diabetes complications . 10 There is, however, good news with better management strategies at different stages of diabetes.…”

Section: Trends In Cardiovascular and Diabetes Prevalence \mentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving prevention strategies for cardiometabolic disease

Sattar

Gill

Alazawi

2020

Nat Med

110

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Section: Trends In Cardiovascular and Diabetes Prevalence \mentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving prevention strategies for cardiometabolic disease

Sattar

Gill

Alazawi

2020

Nat Med

110

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“…While a large number of studies have reported a lower PCa risk in patients with T2D [ 13 ], they are characterized by more advanced PCa than patients with normal glucose metabolism [ 8 , 14 ]. On the one hand, many cancer therapies, including the treatment of PCa with androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), increase the risk for metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes [ 6 , 15 , 16 ]. On the other hand, several diabetes therapies with insulin-lowering properties appear to be beneficial, particularly for patients with advanced PCa [ 17 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, drugs applied in the treatment of diabetes could exert their potential anticancer effects via the inhibition of AKR1C enzymes. Sulfonylureas, which increase insulin secretion in the beta cells, are still widely used for the treatment of T2D [ 6 ]. Sulfonylurea treatment of T2D patients showed conflicting results with regard to cancer risk [ 45 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition to classical diabetes complications, T2D is a further risk factor for cancer onset and progression [ 6 ]. However, most patients with T2D show a reduced risk of developing PCa [ 7 ], although if PCa occurs, these patients frequently showed a more aggressive cancer phenotype and they had markedly lower survival rates than men without diabetes [ 8 , 9 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Transcript Levels of Aldo-Keto Reductase Family 1 Subfamily C (AKR1C) Are Increased in Prostate Tissue of Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

Frankó

Berti

Hennenlotter

et al. 2020

JPM

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Aldo-keto reductase family 1 (AKR1) enzymes play a crucial role in diabetic complications. Since type 2 diabetes (T2D) is associated with cancer progression, we investigated the impact of diabetes on AKR1 gene expression in the context of prostate cancer (PCa) development. In this study, we analyzed benign (BEN) prostate and PCa tissue of patients with and without T2D. Furthermore, to replicate hyperglycemia in vitro, we treated the prostate adenocarcinoma cell line PC3 with increasing glucose concentrations. Gene expression was quantified using real-time qPCR. In the prostate tissue of patients with T2D, AKR1C1 and AKR1C2 transcripts were higher compared to samples of patients without diabetes. In PC3 cells, high glucose treatment induced the gene expression levels of AKR1C1, C2, and C3. Furthermore, both in human tissue and in PC3 cells, the transcript levels of AKR1C1, C2, and C3 showed positive associations with oncogenes, which are involved in proliferation processes and HIF1α and NFκB pathways. These results indicate that in the prostate glands of patients with T2D, hyperglycemia could play a pivotal role by inducing the expression of AKR1C1, C2, and C3. The higher transcript level of AKR1C was furthermore associated with upregulated HIF1α and NFκB pathways, which are major drivers of PCa carcinogenesis.

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“…The World Health Organization (WHO) reported 1.5 million deaths each year in worldwide [2], being one the most frequent cause of mortality in developed countries [1,3,4,5,6]. The incidence of diabetes is expected to be about 366 million in 2030 due to many factors, especially attributed to the increased percentage of population older than 65 years and to the sedentary lifestyle [7,8,9]. This disease is dependent on several factors (e.g., stress, low physical activity, unhealthy food habits, obesity, genetics, age, and inflammation), but some measures (e.g., weight reduction and diet intervention, monitoring of blood glucose and cholesterol levels and of blood pressure, exercise) can be taken to control the disease and its complications [3,4,10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanoparticle Delivery Systems in the Treatment of Diabetes Complications

et al. 2019

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Diabetes mellitus, an incurable metabolic disease, is characterized by changes in the homeostasis of blood sugar levels, being the subcutaneous injection of insulin the first line treatment. This administration route is however associated with limited patient’s compliance, due to the risk of pain, discomfort and local infection. Nanoparticles have been proposed as insulin carriers to make possible the administration of the peptide via friendlier pathways without the need of injection, i.e., via oral or nasal routes. Nanoparticles stand for particles in the nanometer range that can be obtained from different materials (e.g., polysaccharides, synthetic polymers, lipid) and are commonly used with the aim to improve the physicochemical stability of the loaded drug and thereby its bioavailability. This review discusses the use of different types of nanoparticles (e.g., polymeric and lipid nanoparticles, liposomes, dendrimers, niosomes, micelles, nanoemulsions and also drug nanosuspensions) for improved delivery of different oral hypoglycemic agents in comparison to conventional therapies.

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The Impact of Comorbidities on the Pharmacological Management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Cited by 29 publications

References 96 publications

Improving prevention strategies for cardiometabolic disease

Improving prevention strategies for cardiometabolic disease

Transcript Levels of Aldo-Keto Reductase Family 1 Subfamily C (AKR1C) Are Increased in Prostate Tissue of Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

Nanoparticle Delivery Systems in the Treatment of Diabetes Complications

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