The impact of computing infrastructure on carbon emissions: an empirical study based on china national supercomputing center

Abstract

Digitalization is viewed as a potential solution to environmental sustainability issues. However, existing researches suggest that the environmental impact of digital technology is uncertain. This study focuses on the Chinese National Supercomputing Center (NSC), a large-scale computing infrastructure, and expands the correlation between digital infrastructure and green development from a computing perspective. We compare the carbon emissions of the NSC city with a group of synthetic cities created using synthetic control method, and find that the NSC may worsen regional carbon dioxide emissions. This result still holds true after a series of robustness tests. Mechanism examinations show that the NSC does not exhibit significant composition effect (energy structure improvement) and technology effect (green technology innovation), while scale effect (increase in energy demand and consumption) dominate the NSC's carbon emissions. Based on these findings, we consider that in addition to improving the energy efficiency of supercomputing centers, the adoption of cleaner renewable energy and the promotion of knowledge spillovers are crucial for achieving a green transformation for computing infrastructure.