The impact of copper scarcity on the efficiency of 2050 global renewable energy scenarios

Harmsen, Jorrit; Roes, A.L.; Patel, Martin Kumar

doi:10.1016/j.energy.2012.12.006

Cited by 127 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…All major model inputs on resources were extracted from earlier published information. Harmsen et al (2013) and Henckens et al (2014) use an estimate for the total extractable nickel resource at 1800 million ton, but we can find no scientific support for such a large estimate in the available scientific literature Mudd and Jowitt 2014). With no scientific basis in numbers, it would appear to be a wild guess.…”

Section: Usgsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrated Modelling of the Global Cobalt Extraction, Supply, Price and Depletion of Extractable Resources Using the WORLD6 Model

Sverdrup

Ragnarsdóttir

Koca

2017

Biophys Econ Resour Qual

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The present business-as-usual cobalt use in society is not sustainable. Too much cobalt is lost if only market mechanisms are expected to improve recycling, and unnecessary cobalt is wasted if no policy actions are taken. Increased recycling and better conservation will be able to improve the supply situation, but this will need active policy participation beyond what market mechanisms can do alone. To conserve cobalt for coming generations, present policies must be changed within the next few decades. The sooner policies change, the better for future generations.

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Section: Usgsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrated Modelling of the Global Cobalt Extraction, Supply, Price and Depletion of Extractable Resources Using the WORLD6 Model

Sverdrup

Ragnarsdóttir

Koca

2017

Biophys Econ Resour Qual

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“…It is a micronutrient, but it is also considered to be one of the most toxic metals by the World Health Organization [3] and as a priority pollutant by the US EPA [4]. As copper has been classified as a critical element, with only 60 years of expected availability at current production levels, its removal/recovery from raw materials and secondary sources is considered a valid hydrometallurgical research field for both economic and environmental reasons [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinetic Study of Copper(II) Simultaneous Extraction/Stripping from Aqueous Solutions by Bulk Liquid Membranes Using Coupled Transport Mechanisms

León

Senent

et al. 2016

Metals

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Heavy metals removal/recovery from industrial wastewater has become a prime concern for both economic and environmental reasons. This paper describes a comparative kinetic study of the removal/recovery of copper(II) from aqueous solutions by bulk liquid membrane using two types of coupled facilitated transport mechanisms and three carriers of different chemical nature: benzoylacetone, 8-hydroxyquinoline, and tri-n-octylamine. The results are analyzed by means of a kinetic model involving two consecutive irreversible first-order reactions (extraction and stripping). Rate constants and efficiencies of the extraction (k 1 , EE) and the stripping (k 2 , SE) reactions, and maximum fluxes through the membrane, were determined for the three carriers to compare their efficiency in the Cu(II) removal/recovery process. Counter-facilitated transport mechanism using benzoylacetone as carrier and protons as counterions led to higher maximum flux and higher extraction and stripping efficiencies due to the higher values of both the extraction and the stripping rate constants. Acceptable linear relationships between EE and k 1 , and between SE and k 2 , were found.

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“…The decrease in average copper grades, increasing depth of deposits, depletion of copper oxide ores, and increasing energy costs have caused an overall increase in operational and capital costs of copper mining (Bearman, 2007;Harmsen et al, 2013). This has led to a continuous search for new mining methods and technologies that would complement or replace conventional mining methods and allow metal recovery at lower costs.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

In situ mining through leaching: Experimental methodology for evaluating its implementation and economic considerations

Bahamòndez

Castro

Vargas³

et al. 2016

J. South. Afr. Inst. Min. Metall.

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Rising costs in the mining industry have necessitated a search for alternative methods for the recovery of metals from deposits that are no longer economically or environmentally exploitable by conventional mining. These alternative methods include in situ mining.A laboratory model was developed and an experimental programme undertaken to determine the effect of temperature, aeration, material compression, and material extraction on copper recovery by in situ leaching using H 2 SO 4 and Fe 3+ . Recovery was estimated using the shrinking core model. Based on the experimental results and recovery estimations, an economic evaluation was completed comparing in situ mining with conventional mining methods. mining methods; in situ leaching; copper; laboratory model; experimental protocol.

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The impact of copper scarcity on the efficiency of 2050 global renewable energy scenarios

Cited by 127 publications

References 18 publications

Integrated Modelling of the Global Cobalt Extraction, Supply, Price and Depletion of Extractable Resources Using the WORLD6 Model

Integrated Modelling of the Global Cobalt Extraction, Supply, Price and Depletion of Extractable Resources Using the WORLD6 Model

Kinetic Study of Copper(II) Simultaneous Extraction/Stripping from Aqueous Solutions by Bulk Liquid Membranes Using Coupled Transport Mechanisms

In situ mining through leaching: Experimental methodology for evaluating its implementation and economic considerations

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