The Impact of Coronavirus Disease 2019 on Viral, Bacterial, and Fungal Respiratory Infections

Losier, Ashley; Gupta, Garima; Caldararo, Mario; Cruz, Charles S. Dela

doi:10.1016/j.ccm.2022.11.018

Cited by 16 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 134 publications

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“…Studies conducted during the pandemic also revealed significant reductions in exacerbations related to asthma and COPD ( 17 , 18 ). Multiple reasons have been posited to explain the decrease in exacerbations among patients with bronchiectasis during the pandemic, including reductions in circulating viruses, improvements in air quality, changes in the use of healthcare services, and an increase in general health anxiety leading to improved adherence to background medications ( 9 – 11 , 19 – 24 ). Taken together, these studies offer evidence that public health measures adopted during the COVID-19 pandemic (e.g., social distancing and personal hygiene practices) may be helpful for patients with chronic respiratory conditions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of COVID-19 on Bronchiectasis Exacerbation Rates: A Retrospective U.S. Insurance Claims Study

Åstrand,

Kiddle,

Siva Ganesh Mudedla

et al. 2024

Annals ATS

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Rationale Bronchiectasis is a chronic, progressive disease of bronchial dilation, inflammation, and scarring leading to impaired mucociliary clearance and increased susceptibility to infection. Identified causes include previous severe respiratory infections. A small, single-center UK study demonstrated a reduction in bronchiectasis exacerbations during the first year of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. No studies have been conducted in a U.S. (commercially insured) cohort to date. Objectives To explore the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the frequency of exacerbations in a large cohort of commercially insured U.S. patients with bronchiectasis by testing the hypothesis that U.S. patients with bronchiectasis had fewer exacerbations during the pandemic. Methods This retrospective observational cohort study used health insurance claims data from Optum’s deidentified Clinformatics Data Mart database, which included U.S. patients and their covered dependents. Eligible patients were ⩾18 years of age with bronchiectasis; patients with other respiratory conditions were excluded. The main study cohort excluded patients with frequent asthma and/or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease diagnoses. The primary objective was to compare the bronchiectasis exacerbation rates before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Results The median number of exacerbations per patient per year decreased significantly from the year before the COVID-19 pandemic to the first year of the pandemic (1 vs. 0; P < 0.01). More patients had zero exacerbations during the first year of the pandemic than the year prior (57% vs. 24%; McNemar’s chi-square = 122.56; P < 0.01). Conclusions In a U.S. population-based study of patients with International Classification of Diseases codes for bronchiectasis, the rate of exacerbations during Year 1 of the COVID-19 pandemic was reduced compared with the 2-year time period preceding the pandemic.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of COVID-19 on Bronchiectasis Exacerbation Rates: A Retrospective U.S. Insurance Claims Study

Åstrand,

Kiddle,

Siva Ganesh Mudedla

et al. 2024

Annals ATS

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“…It is known that the COVID-19 pandemic has affected the epidemiology of various viral infections through two main pathways: (i) limited access to diagnostics as a result of the reorganization of the healthcare system and imposed lockdown measures, and (ii) attenuated transmissibility due to sanitary measures and social distancing [ 42 , 43 ]. We found that during the early phase of the pandemic and during the dominance of the Delta SARS-CoV-2 variant, the rate of newly diagnosed HAV infections was lower than in preceding years.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trends of Hepatitis A Virus Infection in Poland: Assessing the Potential Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic and War in Ukraine

Rzymski,

Zarębska-Michaluk,

Genowska

et al. 2024

Viruses

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Hepatitis A virus (HAV) is the most common cause of acute viral hepatitis, which is preventable by vaccination. This study analyzed trends of HAV infections in Poland according to socio-demographic features in the years 2009–2022 and assessed the potential impact of the COVID-19 pandemic (2020–2023) and the migration of war refugees from Ukraine (since February 2022). In 2009–2022, 7115 new cases of HAV infection were diagnosed in Poland, especially among men (66.4%) and in urban areas (77.4%). Infections among men were most common at the age of 25–34 (median rate 0.43 per 105) and in women aged 15–24 (median rate 0.39 per 105). Analysis of the 14-year frequency of HAV infections exhibited three trends, regardless of gender, age, and residence. The infections revealed a downward trend in 2009–2014, increased significantly in 2014–2018, and decreased again after 2018. A particularly rapid increase in HAV infections occurred between March 2017 and February 2018 (median rate 0.79 per 105). The high level of new infections persisted until the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, at which point it dropped significantly but did not reach the level recorded before March 2017. During the Omicron SARS-CoV-2 dominance period, the median rate of HAV infections was 0.053 per 105, with a four-fold increase being observed from February 2022 (when the migration of war refugees from Ukraine began) to August 2022. The presented results can serve as a reference point for further observations in Central Europe. The HAV epidemiological situation is unlikely to escalate in Poland but requires further monitoring.

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“…Bacterial superinfections of the lung are more common in COVID-19 patients than non-COVID-19 patients, but their incidence varies significantly depending on the study population and may vary in critically ill patients from 32–95% [ 16 , 25 , 26 ]. The cause of this increased incidence of superinfections is likely multifactorial, and is associated with different factors such as immunoparalysis, microbiome dysbiosis, evasion of host-defenses as well as, among others, prolonged mechanical ventilation, sedation, and ICU length of stay [ 26 ]. Moreover, the attributable mortality of VAP in COVID-19 patients is increased [ 27 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acinetobacter baumannii Bloodstream Infections in the COVID-19 Era: A Comparative Analysis between COVID-19 and Non-COVID-19 Critically Ill Patients

et al. 2023

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The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic increased the incidence of severe infections caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens among critically ill patients, such as Acinetobacter baumannii (AB), whose bloodstream infections (BSIs) have been associated with significant mortality. Whether there is any difference in outcome between COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 patients with AB BSI still remains unknown. We conducted a retrospective study comparing clinical characteristics and outcomes of COVID-19 versus non-COVID-19 critically ill patients with AB BSI. Overall, 133 patients with AB BSI (102 COVID-19, 31 non-COVID-19) were studied. The 28-day mortality rate was high and did not differ significantly (69.6% COVID-19 vs. 61.3% non-COVID-19, p = 0.275). Patients with septic shock had a higher mortality rate irrespective of their status with the majority of deaths occurring during the first 7 days. COVID-19 patients were more likely to have ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) as the source of BSI (55.8% vs. 22.3%, respectively, p = 0.0001) and were more likely to develop acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) (78.4% vs. 48.4%, respectively, p = 0.001), sepsis (86.3% vs. 67.7%, respectively, p = 0.03), and septic shock (88.3% vs. 58.1%, respectively, p = 0.007) compared to the non-COVID-19 patient group. In conclusion, COVID-19 patients with A. baumannii BSI have a high rate of mortality and more often develop septic shock, while VAP is the main origin of their BSI.

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The Impact of Coronavirus Disease 2019 on Viral, Bacterial, and Fungal Respiratory Infections

Cited by 16 publications

References 134 publications

Effect of COVID-19 on Bronchiectasis Exacerbation Rates: A Retrospective U.S. Insurance Claims Study

Effect of COVID-19 on Bronchiectasis Exacerbation Rates: A Retrospective U.S. Insurance Claims Study

Trends of Hepatitis A Virus Infection in Poland: Assessing the Potential Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic and War in Ukraine

Acinetobacter baumannii Bloodstream Infections in the COVID-19 Era: A Comparative Analysis between COVID-19 and Non-COVID-19 Critically Ill Patients

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