The impact of courtyard geometry on its mean radiant temperature

Al-Hafith, Omar; Satish, B K; Wilde, Pieter de

doi:10.1088/1742-6596/1343/1/012022

Cited by 12 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Shading increases by increasing the courtyard space's depth, which leads to decreasing MRT. The most effective geometric property on the thermal conditions of courtyards is the W/H ratio (Al-Hafith e al., 2017;Al-Hafith et al, 2019;Muhaisen, 2006;Muhaisen and Gadi, 2006;Soflaei et al, 2017). The conclusion that MRT is the most effective factor on the thermal sensation of occupants agrees with thermal comfort studies that have shown that MRT is the most effective factor on people's thermal sensation in external spaces in hot-climate regions (Ali-Toudert and Mayer, 2006;Aljawabra, 2014;Berkovic et al, 2012;Nasrollahi et al, 2017;Nikolopoulou, 2011).…”

Section: Correlation Analysis Between the Research Variablessupporting

confidence: 81%

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Assessing annual thermal comfort extent in central courtyards: Baghdad as a case study

Al-Hafith

Wilde

2022

SASBE

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PurposeTraditional central courtyards have been advocated for being thermally efficient for hot-climate regions. However, exploring previous literature shows that it is not clear to what extent courtyards are truly thermally comfortable. This study determines the level of thermal comfort in residential courtyards in hot-climate regions, taking Baghdad as a case study.Design/methodology/approachThis study develops a novel Courtyard Thermal Usability Index (CTUI) to quantify the ability of courtyards to provide thermal comfort to occupants. CTUI is the fraction of useable thermally comfortable hours in courtyards of the total occupation hours during a specific period. To operationalise CTUI, the research employs the Envi-met 4.2 simulation tool to determine the annual thermal conditions of 360 courtyards. An adaptive thermal comfort model developed by Al-Hafith in 2020 for Iraq is used to judge simulated thermal conditions and determine CTUI.FindingsCTUI enables determining the level of thermal comfort courtyards offer to occupants by showing the ratio of the thermally comfortable period versus the occupation period. Results show that, in Iraq, annually, courtyards offer up to 38% comfortable hours out of the total potential occupation hours. The rest of the time the courtyard will not be comfortable, mostly due to overheating. When designing courtyards, the most effective geometric property impacting courtyards' thermal conditions is width/height. The most important microclimatic factor impacting occupants' thermal sensation is mean radiant temperature (MRT). This study can be used to inform designing thermally efficient courtyards for hot-climate regions.Originality/valueThis study presents the first assessment of the thermal efficiency of courtyards in hot-climate regions depending on an assessment of their ability to provide thermal comfort to occupants. The study presents a novel index that can be used to quantify the ability of courtyards to provide a thermally comfortable environment to occupants.

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Section: Correlation Analysis Between the Research Variablessupporting

confidence: 81%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing annual thermal comfort extent in central courtyards: Baghdad as a case study

Al-Hafith

Wilde

2022

SASBE

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“…The assumptions which stemmed from statistical studies or equalities are generally used in order to get the t r by researchers due to their easiness. 17,[27][28][29] The well-known assumption is the equality of the t a and t r. [30][31][32] However, the accuracy of assumptions is doubtful since the assumptions are valid just based on case studies. For instance, while Dawe et al 32 suggested that the t r can be taken equal to the t a ,%.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The importance of the calculation of angle factors to determine the mean radiant temperature in temperate climate zone: A university office building case

Özbey

Turhan

2021

Indoor and Built Environment

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Thermal comfort depends on four environmental (air velocity, relative humidity, air temperature, mean radiant temperature) and two personal (clothing insulation and metabolic rate) parameters. Among all parameters, the mean radiant temperature (tr) is the most problematic variable in thermal comfort studies due to its complexity. Measurement methods, calculation methods and assumptions are mostly used to obtain the tr. Researchers mainly prefer to obtain the tr via measurement methods or assumptions due to their easiness compared to the calculation methods. Besides, some researchers use constant values of angle factors in calculation methods. However, using constant values is not proper for every indoor environment, and it causes wrong estimations in the tr and thus the thermal comfort. This paper gives the importance of calculation of angle factors, with an example of a university office building in temperate climate zone, according to the ISO 7726. The angle factors of the room were calculated for a seated occupant from the centre of gravity in three different locations and compared with the constant angle factors. The results indicate that a significant difference (MAPE of 1.02) was found in the tr values, which were obtained by calculation of constant values of angle factors.

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“…The courtyard in the school provides private outdoor environment for students' activities, space for playing and relaxation in the break time. Many researches were conducted for the purpose of examining the influence of courtyards thermal behavior and ventilation on the interior spaces around it [9], [10], [11], [12], [13]. Most of the researchers who addressed courtyards discussed and highlighted the courtyard positive effect on the environment of the building; however, there was no approach regarding courtyard psychological and mental effect on the occupants, especially in schools.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Courtyard Design in Schools and its Influence on Students’ Satisfaction

Salameh¹,

Touqan²,

Salameh³

2020

World Congress on Civil, Structural, and Environmental Engineering

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The courtyard as architectural passive design strategy has proved its capability of enhancing the thermal conditions of buildings. Apart from the good thermal impacts of the courtyard, there are other effects that were not tapped and need to be explored such as the satisfaction of the courtyard's users in terms of psychological and wellbeing factors. This study attempts to investigate and assess the relationship between the existing design of the school courtyards in UAE with the students' satisfaction. A self-administrated questionnaire was distributed between students of secondary classes in two private schools in UAE to gather the data. Six hypotheses were developed to explore and validate the mentioned relationship; SPSS (Statistical Package for Science Software) program was used to apply several tests such as regression analysis to examine the developed hypotheses. The results showed high relationship significance between the School Courtyard Design and Students' Satisfaction, so that the courtyard design can shape the student satisfaction as global variable with 29.2 %, with many other important findings. The work opens the door for architects and school principals alike to understand the effect of the school courtyard design on students' satisfaction, which consequently leads to better academic achievement.

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The impact of courtyard geometry on its mean radiant temperature

Cited by 12 publications

References 17 publications

Assessing annual thermal comfort extent in central courtyards: Baghdad as a case study

Assessing annual thermal comfort extent in central courtyards: Baghdad as a case study

The importance of the calculation of angle factors to determine the mean radiant temperature in temperate climate zone: A university office building case

Courtyard Design in Schools and its Influence on Students’ Satisfaction

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