The impact of COVID-19 and the COVID-19 pandemic on hospitalized patients with STEMI in the United States: insights from the National Inpatient Sample

Abstract

Background It is unclear how COVID-19 pandemic affected care and outcomes among patients who are diagnosed with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) in the USA. Methods We analyzed the data from National Inpatient Sample from 2016 to 2020 and assessed the impact of COVID-19 infection and the COVID-19 pandemic (year 2020) on in-hospital mortality, length of stay (LOS) and hospitalization costs.P Results There were 1 050 905 hospitalizations with STEMI, and there was an 8.2% reduction in admissions in 2020. Patients with COVID-19 versus those without had significantly greater in-hospital mortality (45.2% vs. 10.7%; P < 0.001). In 2020, 3.0% of hospitalizations had a diagnosis of COVID-19, and the mortality was 11.5% compared to 10.7% for patients admitted in 2016–2019 period. There was a significantly increased mortality (OR 6.25, 95% CI 5.42–7.21, P < 0.001), LOS (coefficient 3.47, 95% CI 3.10–3.84, P < 0.001) and cost (coefficient 10.69, 95% CI 8.4–12.55, P < 0.001) with COVID-19 infection compared with no infection. There was a borderline difference in mortality (OR 1.04, 95% CI 1.00– 1.09, P = 0.050) but LOS (coefficient −0.21, 95% CI−0.28 to −0.14, P < 0.001) and costs (3.14, 95% CI 2.79 to 3.49, P < 0.001) were reduced in 2020 compared to 2016–2019 period. Conclusions In conclusion, in patients hospitalized with STEMI, COVID-19 infection was associated with increased mortality, LOS, and cost but during the pandemic year of 2020 there was a small trend for increased mortality for patients with a diagnosis of STEMI.