The impact of COVID-19 on the labour market and the role of E-commerce development in developing countries: Evidence from Indonesia

Labour market inequality in two Asian giants: Indonesia and India compared

“…In Figure 14, we observe that the real wage of lower-tier informal self-employed individuals is higher than that of lower-tier informal wage employees. This may be attributed to the burgeoning influence of e-commerce, which could be seen as a consequence of the Covid-19 pandemic (Ridhwan et al 2023).…”