The Impact of COVID-19 on HIV Treatment and Research: A Call to Action

Chenneville, Tiffany; Gabbidon, Kemesha; Hanson, Patricia; Holyfield, Cashea

doi:10.3390/ijerph17124548

Cited by 147 publications

(196 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…The COVID‐19 pandemic is delaying HIV research activities and affecting HIV care delivery. Clinical trials and lab research have yet to return to pre‐pandemic operations [80]. Moreover, HIV researchers in academic centres, federal health agencies, and health departments are playing double duty addressing HIV and COVID‐19 or have switched temporarily to COVID‐19 work entirely, which may slow EHE progress.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New pathogen, same disparities: why COVID‐19 and HIV remain prevalent in U.S. communities of colour and implications for ending the HIV epidemic

Millett

2020

J Int AIDS Soc

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Introduction The U.S. Ending the HIV Epidemic (EHE) Initiative was launched nationally in February 2019. With a target of ending the HIV epidemic by 2030, EHE initially scales up effective HIV prevention and care in 57 localities that comprise the greatest proportion of annual HIV diagnoses in the United States (US). However, the EHE effort has been eclipsed by another infectious disease 11 months into the Initiative’s implementation. SARS‐COV‐2, a novel coronavirus, has infected more than eight million Americans and at least 223 000 (as of 23 October 2020) have succumbed to the disease. This commentary explores the social conditions that place communities of colour at greater risk for COVID‐19 and HIV, and assesses challenges to EHE in a post‐COVID‐19 universe. Discussion One of the many common threads between HIV and COVID‐19 is the disproportionate impact of each disease among communities of colour. A recent report by the National Academy of Sciences surmised that as much as 70% of health outcomes are due to health access, socio‐economic factors and environmental conditions. Social determinants of health associated with greater HIV burden in Black and Brown communities have re‐emerged in epidemiological studies of disproportionate COVID‐19 cases, hospitalizations and deaths in communities of colour. Using data from the scientific literature, this commentary makes direct comparisons between HIV and COVID‐19 racial disparities across the social determinants of health. Furthermore, I examine three sets of challenges facing EHE: (1) Challenges that hamper both the EHE and COVID‐19 response (i.e. insufficiently addressing the social determinants of health; amplification of disparities as new health technologies are introduced) (2) Challenges posed by COVID‐19 (i.e. diverting HIV resources to address COVID‐19 and tapering of EHE funding generally); and (3) Challenges unrelated to COVID‐19 (i.e. emergence of new and related health disparities; repeal of the Affordable Care Act and long‐term viability of EHE). Conclusions Racism and discrimination place communities of colour at greater risk for COVID‐19 as well as HIV. Achieving and sustaining an end to the U.S. HIV epidemic will require structural change to eliminate conditions that give rise to and maintain disparities.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New pathogen, same disparities: why COVID‐19 and HIV remain prevalent in U.S. communities of colour and implications for ending the HIV epidemic

Millett

2020

J Int AIDS Soc

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“…The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has swept across the globe causing significant mortality and morbidity and bringing immense challenges on the health system including HIV care service (Chenneville et al, 2020). A shift of resource allocation in the health system (i.e., prioritizing COVID-19 response) and large scale quarantine/lockdowns have severely impacted health providers' delivery of HIV service and patients' access to treatment and care (International AIDS Soceity, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Challenges to HIV service delivery and the impacts on patient care during COVID-19: perspective of HIV care providers in Guangxi, China

et al. 2020

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The COVID-19 pandemic has brought immense challenges on the health system including HIV care service. Based on online survey data of 1,029 HIV care providers in Guangxi, China, we assessed their perspectives on the challenges for HIV service delivery and perceived impacts of such challenges on patient care during the COVID-19 outbreak. Multivariate regression analysis was conducted to test the association between specific challenges and patient care outcomes controlling for socio-demographics of HIV care providers. The prominent impacts of COVID-19 on patient care outcomes included "not being able to make follow-up visits on time", "not being able to get ARV refills timely", and "compromised ART adherence". Patient care outcome was significantly associated with "not being able to go to work due to quarantine and traffic restriction", "no overall arrangement", "no guideline for HIV service", "conflicts between HIV care and response to COVID-19", and "clinics were overwhelmed by COVID-19 care". In response to dual epidemics of COVID-19 and HIV, policy makers may consider the potential impact of largescale preventive strategies (e.g., lockdowns) on HIV care, assist healthcare providers to navigate shifting tasks and resetting priorities effectively, and develop clear guidelines and clinic-level arrangements to best serve both COVID-19 and HIV patients.

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“…The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and its related public health control measures on HIV treatment and prevention, including access to facility-based testing, has had profound effects on individuals, communities, and societies across the world [21]. Implementation of HIV self-testing has been shown to increase HIV testing rates in men who have sex with men [22], and we found high acceptability amongst the diverse sample of participants in the current study.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 54%

A Study to Evaluate the Accuracy, Usability, and Acceptance of a Blood-Based HIV Self-Test Performed by Observed Intended Users in Canada

Tian¹,

Galli²,

Sumner-Williams³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Introduction: Self-Testing for HIV (“HIVST”) is an emerging targeted intervention with the potential to increase the access, uptake and frequency of HIV testing and more effectively reach the undiagnosed especially in priority populations. The study objectives of this study were to (1) evaluate the INSTI HIV-Self-Test (HIV-ST) performance compared with laboratory reference testing, (2) document if intended users can perform the steps to use the HIV-ST device, and (3) document if intended users can successfully interpret contrived positive, negative, and invalid results. Study was intended to be submitted to Health Canada for review for license purposes.Methods: The study used a cross-sectional design and recruited consenting adults from four community sites across Ontario, Québec, and Manitoba between August 2019 and March 2020. The results of the observed HIV-ST were compared with results of the Abbott Architect HIV Ag/Ab Combo test. Results: Primary efficacy analysis on 678 completed HIV-ST revealed a positive percent agreement of 100% and a negative percent agreement of 99.5% with the comparator method. The overall percent agreement of results interpretation between participant and observer was 93.5%. Of the 708 participants who took part in the usability study, 92.4% of participants successfully performed the steps determined to be “critical” for successful completion of the test, 96.7% of participants found the instructions easy to follow, and 95% of participants indicated that they would use the test again. Of the 404 participants who interpreted the strong positive, weak positive, negative and invalid contrived results, successful interpretation ranged from 90.6% (for weak positive) to 99.3% (for negative).Conclusions: The addition of this very first self-test into the Canadian HIV testing landscape could significantly increase HIV testing rates. An approved blood-based HIV self-test in Canada can offer an accurate, acceptable and simple alternative to facility-based HIV testing, particularly when impacted by Coronavirus pandemic restrictions.

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The Impact of COVID-19 on HIV Treatment and Research: A Call to Action

Cited by 147 publications

References 49 publications

New pathogen, same disparities: why COVID‐19 and HIV remain prevalent in U.S. communities of colour and implications for ending the HIV epidemic

New pathogen, same disparities: why COVID‐19 and HIV remain prevalent in U.S. communities of colour and implications for ending the HIV epidemic

Challenges to HIV service delivery and the impacts on patient care during COVID-19: perspective of HIV care providers in Guangxi, China

A Study to Evaluate the Accuracy, Usability, and Acceptance of a Blood-Based HIV Self-Test Performed by Observed Intended Users in Canada

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