The impact of Covid-19 on demographic components in Spain, 2020–31: A scenario approach

González‐Leonardo, Miguel; Spijker, Jeroen

doi:10.1080/00324728.2022.2138521

Cited by 13 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Given the severe nature of the government restrictions in some countries and the length of time that they were in operation in 2020, the reduction in migration might have been thought to be greater than this general level as newspapers were anticipating deserted cities. Though large variability has also been observed on the impacts of COVID-19 on international migration (González-Leonardo et al, 2023;González-Leonardo & Spijker, 2022). One potential explanation for migration rates falling by less than might have been expected in 2020 is the 'urban exodus' that was given such prominence in media coverage during the early stages of the pandemic.…”

Section: Concluding Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Concluding Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Virtual special issue: Internal migration in times of COVID‐19

Rowe

González‐Leonardo

Champion

2023

Population Space and Place

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The COVID-19 pandemic has potentially altered the system of population movement around the world. As COVID-19 hit cities the hardest in the wake of the pandemic, apocalyptic headlines anticipated the 'death of cities'. Yet, little was known about the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on cities and the ways it has shaped the patterns of internal population movement in and out of cities. This virtual special issue aims to consolidate our knowledge of the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on internal migration, discuss key lessons we have learnt so far, and identify areas for future enquiry. It brings together evidence from six different countries: Australia, Germany, Japan, Spain, Sweden and the United Kingdom, covering the pandemic in varying temporal lengths. Systematic patterns emerge. A first commonality is anoverall reduction of internal migration rates during the early days of the pandemic but to a lesser degree than expected. Second, the impacts of COVID-19 leading to out-migration from cities seem to have been temporary, though evidence from Spain and Britain points to scarring effects with persistent losses in highly dense areas. Third, changes in internal migration generated small impacts on the population structure of cities but largescale changes in small, rural and low-density areas.

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Section: Concluding Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Concluding Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Virtual special issue: Internal migration in times of COVID‐19

Rowe

González‐Leonardo

Champion

2023

Population Space and Place

Self Cite

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“…Demographic components were strongly affected by COVID-19 during early stages of the pandemic (González-Leonardo and Spijker, 2023). Life expectancy dropped in almost all the countries, with important cross-national differences (e.g., Marois et al, 2020;Aburto et al 2021;Heuveline & Tzen, 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the differentiated impacts of COVID-19 on the immigration flows to Europe

González-Leonardo,

Rowe,

Potančoková

et al. 2024

Preprint

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The immediate effects of COVID-19 on mortality, fertility, and internal and international migration have been widely studied. Particularly, immigration to high-income countries declined in 2020. However, the persistence of these declines, and the extent to which they have impacted different migration corridors are yet to be established. Drawing on immigration flows from Eurostat and ARIMA time-series models, we assess the impact of COVID-19 on different immigration streams to seven European countries. We forecast counterfactual levels of immigration in 2020 and 2021 assuming no pandemic, and compare these estimates with actual immigration counts. We use regression modelling to explore the role of immigrants´ origin, distance, stringency measures and GDP trends at origins and destinations as potential driving forces of changes in immigration during COVID-19. Our results show that, while there was a general decline in immigration during 2020, inflows returned to expected levels in 2021, except for Spain. However, immigration corridors originating from outside the Schengen Area were still hardly affected in 2021. Immigrant´s origin emerged as the main factor modulating immigration changes during the pandemic, and to a lesser extent stringency measures and GDP trends in destination countries. Contextual factors at origin seem to have been less important.

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“…To date, empirical studies estimating the impact of COVID-19 on international migration are surprisingly scarce. The extent to how much immigration declined during 2020 has been documented only in Spain, estimating a reduction of almost 40% [ 20 ]. Therefore, cross-national variations on immigration due to COVID-19 are yet to be established.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantifying the impact of COVID-19 on immigration in receiving high-income countries

et al. 2023

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Previous studies have examined the impact of COVID-19 on mortality and fertility. However, little is known about the effect of the pandemic on constraining international migration. We use Eurostat and national statistics data on immigration and ARIMA time-series models to quantify the impact of COVID-19 on immigration flows in 15 high-income countries by forecasting their counterfactual levels in 2020, assuming no pandemic, and comparing these estimates with observed immigration counts. We then explore potential driving forces, such as stringency measures and increases in unemployment moderating the extent of immigration change. Our results show that immigration declined in all countries, except in Finland. Yet, significant cross-national variations exist. Australia (60%), Spain (45%) and Sweden (36%) display the largest declines, while immigration decreased by between 15% and 30% in seven countries, and by less than 15% in four nations where results were not statistically significant. International travel restrictions, mobility restrictions and stay-at-home requirements exhibit a relatively strong relationship with declines in immigration, although countries with similar levels of stringency witnessed varying levels of immigration decline. Work and school closings and unemployment show no relationship with changes in immigration.

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The impact of Covid-19 on demographic components in Spain, 2020–31: A scenario approach

Cited by 13 publications

References 49 publications

Virtual special issue: Internal migration in times of COVID‐19

Virtual special issue: Internal migration in times of COVID‐19

Assessing the differentiated impacts of COVID-19 on the immigration flows to Europe

Quantifying the impact of COVID-19 on immigration in receiving high-income countries

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