The impact of COVID‐19 restrictions in the United Kingdom on the positive behavioural support of people with an intellectual disability

Murray, George; McKenzie, Karen; Martin, Ralph P.; Murray, Aja Louise

doi:10.1111/bld.12379

Cited by 14 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…The included studies came from developed countries, four from Europe (two from the UK ( McKenzie et al, 2021 ; Murray et al, 2021 ), one from the Netherlands ( Embregts et al, 2021 ), and one from Ireland ( McMahon et al, 2020 )) and one from Canada ( Lunsky et al, 2021 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The challenges of mental health of staff working with people with intellectual disabilities during COVID-19––A systematic review

Chen

Allen

Fallon

et al. 2022

J Intellect Disabil

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Background The COVID-19 pandemic has posed a great risk to the mental health of health workers (HWs). There are likely to be particular concerns for staff working with adults with an intellectual disability, where infection control may be more challenging. Method We conducted a systematic review of original research examining the mental health of HWs working with people with intellectual disability, published between March 2020 and July 2021. Results Five original research studies were included. A high proportion of HWs working with people with intellectual disability reported having had poor mental health including stress, anxiety, and depression. This manifested in similar patterns as for other HWs and also some specific patterns seen as the need to manage increased rates of mental health issues of the people they support. Sources of support and resilience were also identified. Conclusion The support system should target risk factors, answer unmet needs, and build resilience. More research is also required on the ongoing and long-term effects.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The challenges of mental health of staff working with people with intellectual disabilities during COVID-19––A systematic review

Chen

Allen

Fallon

et al. 2022

J Intellect Disabil

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“…Data from research studies reflect concerns similar to those expressed in clinician opinion pieces. Over a 15‐month period, several studies explored the impacts of pandemic‐related closures and restrictions on the mental health and well‐being of people with ID from numerous countries, including Chile (Rosencrans et al, 2021 ), Italy (Zingale et al, 2020 ), South Korea (Kim et al, 2021 ), United Kingdom (Courtenay, 2020 ; Courtenay & Perera, 2020 ; McKenzie et al, 2021 ; Murray et al, 2021 ; Rawlings et al, 2021 ; Willner et al, 2020 ), United States (Jeste et al, 2020 ), Canada (Lake et al, 2021 ), Ireland (McCarron et al, 2020 ; McCausland et al, 2021 ), France (Nollace et al, 2020 ), Spain (Amor et al, 2021 ; Navas, Amor, et al, 2021 ), Netherlands (Embregts et al, 2020 ; Scheffers et al, 2021 ; Schuengel et al, 2020 ; Zaagsma et al, 2020 ), and Israel (Araten‐Bergman & Shpigelman, 2021 ). To date, there has been a prominent focus on the challenges experienced by children and youth with ID and their families as a result of pandemic response plans, such as the transition of in‐person learning to virtual education.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The mental health and well‐being of adults with intellectual disability during theCOVID‐19 pandemic: A narrative review

Lunsky

Jahoda

Navas

et al. 2022

Policy Practice Intel Disabi

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Prior to the start of the pandemic, adults with intellectual disability (ID) were more likely to experience mental health difficulties and face barriers obtaining mental health care. COVID‐related public health restrictions, combined with heightened challenges to obtain timely mental health care, have served to worsen this situation internationally, with a combination of new onset conditions and worsening mental health for those already struggling. In this narrative review, we summarize literature on the mental health of adults with ID during the COVID‐19 pandemic to describe what is known based on clinician perceptions, existing administrative health data, family and staff perceptions, and self‐report. In addition to noting similarities and differences in findings based on the source of information, we also explored how experiences differed depending on where and when the research was conducted. Based primarily on research conducted during the first six months of the pandemic, there is a consistent finding across sources of increased anxiety, stress, and isolation. This review also explored the delivery of virtual mental health care and the impact of pandemic‐based mental health interventions. There have been very few research studies evaluating clinical care during this time but clinicians have managed to provide supports virtually, which has been evaluated positively by some individuals. This narrative review concludes by identifying gaps in the literature and suggests key directions for future mental health research, policy, and practice efforts. Any mental health efforts now and during pandemic recovery need to have an understanding of how the mental health needs and services for adults with ID have evolved over the course of the pandemic. Further research is needed on the impact of both clinical interventions and other nonclinical efforts on the mental health of people with ID.

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“…A UK survey of ID mental health services observed increases in urgent psychiatric consultations to address a deterioration in mental health and behaviour ( Rauf et al, 2021 ), similar to increases observed by a Dutch online support service ( Zaagsma et al, 2020 ). Both observational and family-report studies reveal significant increases in challenging behaviour during lockdown ( Schuengel et al, 2020 ; Wieting et al, 2021 ) which in turn led to a negative appraisal of persons with IDD ( Murray et al, 2021 ). While the disruption to support services for persons with IDD throughout the pandemic was wide ranging, it was deemed to have a specific detrimental impact for those who engage in behaviours that challenge ( Gleason et al, 2021 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 IDD: Findings from a global survey exploring family members’ and paid staff’s perceptions of the impact of COVID-19 on individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) and their caregivers.

et al. 2022

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Background: A growing body of evidence attests to the disproportionate impact of COVID-19 on persons with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) during the pandemic. This study asked caregivers about their perceptions of how COVID-19 impacted them and the people they support. Method: An online survey was conducted in 12 countries during August-September 2020 and sought information on demographics, support practices, information and training, experiences of COVID-19, social distancing, and wellbeing, as measured by the DASS12. This study reports on 3,754 family members, direct support professionals, and managers who participated in the survey. Results: Caregivers observed increases in depression/anxiety, stereotyped behaviours, aggression towards others and weight gain in the person(s) they supported. They also reported difficulties supporting the person(s) to access healthcare. Families reported reducing or ceasing employment and absorbed additional costs when supporting their family member. Direct support professionals experienced changes in staff shifts, staff absences, increased workload and hiring of casual staff. Caregivers’ wellbeing revealed high levels of stress, depression, and less so anxiety. The strongest predictor of wellbeing among families was observation of changes in mood in the person(s) they supported, while for direct support professionals, the strongest predictors of wellbeing were reorganisation of staff shifts and increases in new direct support staff. Discussion: Findings support the contention of this population experiencing a disproportionate burden during the COVID-19 pandemic, reflecting historical inequities in access to healthcare and other human rights violations which are now protected under the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities.

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The impact of COVID‐19 restrictions in the United Kingdom on the positive behavioural support of people with an intellectual disability

Cited by 14 publications

References 10 publications

The challenges of mental health of staff working with people with intellectual disabilities during COVID-19––A systematic review

The challenges of mental health of staff working with people with intellectual disabilities during COVID-19––A systematic review

The mental health and well‐being of adults with intellectual disability during theCOVID‐19 pandemic: A narrative review

COVID-19 IDD: Findings from a global survey exploring family members’ and paid staff’s perceptions of the impact of COVID-19 on individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) and their caregivers.

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