The impact of daily emotional demands, job resources and emotional effort on intensive internet use during and after work

Abstract

Information Communication Technologies (ICTs) have become a popular leisure platform. Psychological recovery during leisure time is vital to replenish resources spent at work. The present diary study comprised a sample of employees with high exposure to emotional demands and integrates the Job Demands-Resources (JD-R) and addiction literature to examine whether engaging intensively on the internet may be conductive or inhibitor to psychological recovery. A total of 84 employees completed four consecutive daily diary survey three times a day comprising 880 data points. Multilevel analysis was used and results confirmed that intensive internet use was higher on days of high demands and low resources for those with higher baseline levels of compulsive use, and intensive use was weaker on days of high resources. Additionally, intensive use increased recovery experience before bed and the morning after only low compulsive users. The opposite was true for more compulsive users. These findings contribute to both JD-R and addiction theory by showing how the unfavourable effects of daily intensive use on recovery can be ameliorated by daily work resources. It also contributes to the recovery literature demonstrating how intensive internet use can trigger recovery and the circumstances under which this happens.

Conceptual Issues Concerning Internet Addiction and Internet Gaming Disorder: Further Critique on Ryding and Kaye (2017)

“…Given that many of us spend hours a day online for work purposes (myself included) clearly demonstrates that how the medium of the Internet is used is much more important than the time spent in the medium when defining IA. Even when the excessive use of the Internet is work-based and causing long-term negatively detrimental effects on the individual, such individuals would be defined and conceptualized as work addicts rather than Internet addicts (Quinones and Griffiths 2017 ; Quinones et al 2016 ).…”

How Does Family Intimacy Predict Self-Esteem in Adolescents? Moderation of Social Media Use Based on Gender Difference

“…On the positive side, social media creates unprecedented opportunities for those in need of social support in real life to be satisfied online (Notredame et al, 2018). Quinones and Griffiths (2017) found that releasing emotional expression and capturing social resources were the primary driving forces for intensive social media use. The socio-psychological needs for social support would lead individuals to more frequent social media use for expanding their social networks online, through maintaining old interpersonal relationships and building new ones, with the hope that their friends or followers on social media may provide social and psychological support when they are in need (Indian & Grieve, 2014;Wohn & Larose, 2014).…”

Are social media bad for your employees? : effects of at-work break activities on recovery experiences, job satisfaction, and life satisfaction

“…Although a positive impact of technology use such as smartphones and the Internet on recovery experiences at work or after work has been found in recent studies (Quinones & Griffiths, 2017;Rhee & Kim, 2016), the relationship between social media break activities and at-work recovery experiences is still not clear. More specifically, based on the measurement of four types of break activities (Kim et al, 2017(Kim et al, , 2018, there is only one item in social activity related to social media use, which is checking personal social networking sites such as Facebook and Twitter.…”

“…This industry's specific characteristics create unique job demands for hospitality workers such as "face time" between employees and customers. Such interactions require employees to follow a company's expectations and norms of appropriate emotional expression, such as keeping calm and reacting with understanding to customers and suppressing their own emotions when dealing with service failures from upset and angry customers (Quinones & Griffiths, 2017). To interact with customers in an effective way, employees need to alter how they feel and what feelings they show (Grandey, 2000).…”

“…That research revealed that negative job characteristics increased a high intensity of using social media at work and such use resulted in alleviating work-related stress, which, in turn, generated positive impacts on job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and job performance. Quinones and Griffiths (2017) H2c: Job demands are positively related to cognitive use.…”