The Impact of De Novo Donor-specific Anti-Human Leukocyte Antigen Antibodies on 5-Year Renal Transplant Outcome

Non-HLA Antibodies: Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor (Anti-AT1R) and Endothelin-1 Type A Receptor (Anti-ETAR) Are Associated With Renal Allograft Injury and Graft Loss

“…Elevated levels of anti-AT1R and anti-ETAR antibodies were described as being associated with cellular, humoral rejection with an influence on the early onset of vasculopathy in patients after heart transplantation [4]. Our own analysis showed that the presence of anti-ETAR antibodies is connected with worse renal transplant function during the first 12 months after transplantation but also revealed more cases with mild to severe intimal arteritis [5].…”

Class I and II HLA antibodies in pediatric patients with thalassemia major

“…In addition, liver or heart transplantation may be considerations for transfusion‐dependent TM patients with organ failure due to iron overload . In this transplant setting, donor‐specific HLA antibodies could result in organ rejection and early graft loss and death …”

Pre-transplant low level HLA antibody shows a composite poor outcome in long-term outcome of renal transplant recipients

“…[25][26][27] Newer assays are helping to determine which DSAs are more likely to mediate complement activation and induce graft function failure. [28][29][30] We hypothesize that HLA Class II molecules play an important role in affecting the long-term survival of transplanted kidney, since they are mainly expressed on immune cells and involved in the coordination of immune system function. Since low level antibodies do not usually cause immediate damage to the graft, it may be that this antibody mediated damage-repair-damage process requires a few years to mature, before finally leading to irreversible renal graft failure.…”