The impact of diabetes on the productivity and economy of Bangladesh

Afroz, Afsana; Hird, Thomas R; Zomer, Ella; Owen, Alice; Chen, Lei; Ademi, Zanfina; Liew, Danny; Magliano, Dianna J.; Billah, Baki

doi:10.1136/bmjgh-2020-002420

Cited by 28 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Interestingly, the odds of having hypertension is 1.5 times higher [AOR: 1.50, 95% CI: 1.15, 1.94] among diabetic younger adults. Hypertension prevalence among active age population is a concern considering its economic and health burden in Bangladesh [ 39 , 40 , 42 – 45 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in prevalence and risk factors of hypertension among adults in Bangladesh: An analysis of two waves of nationally representative surveys

et al. 2021

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Introduction Bangladesh is one of the countries where the prevalence of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) such as hypertension is rising due to rising living standards, sedentary lifestyles, and epidemiological transition. Among the NCDs, hypertension is a major risk factor for CVD, accounting for half of all coronary heart disease worldwide. However, detailed research in this area has been limited in Bangladesh. The objective of the study was to estimate changes in the prevalence and risk factors of hypertension among Bangladeshi adult population. The study also sought to identify socioeconomic status-related inequality of hypertension prevalence in Bangladesh. Methods Cross-sectional analysis was conducted using nationally representative two waves of the Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (BDHS) in 2011 and 2017–18. Survey participants were adults 18 years or older- which included detailed biomarker and anthropometric measurements of 23539 participants. The change in prevalence of hypertension was estimated, and adjusted odds ratios were obtained using multivariable survey logistic regression models. Further, Wagstaff decomposition method was also used to analyze the relative contributions of factors to hypertension. Results From 2011 to 2018, the hypertension prevalence among adults aged ≥35 years increased from 25.84% to 39.40% (p<0.001), with the largest relative increase (97%) among obese individuals. The prevalence among women remained higher than men whereas the relative increase among men and women were 75% and 39%, respectively. Regression analysis identified age and BMI as the independent risk factors of hypertension. Other risk factors of hypertension were sex, marital status, education, geographic region, wealth index, and diabetes status in both survey years. Female adults had significantly higher hypertension risk in both survey years in the overall analysis in, however, in the subgroup analysis, the gender difference in hypertension risk was not significant in rural 2011 and urban 2018 samples. Decomposition analysis revealed that the contributions of socio-economic status related inequality of hypertension in 2011 were46.58% and 20.85% for wealth index and BMI, respectively. However, the contributions of wealth index and BMI have shifted to 12.60% and 55.29%, respectively in 2018. Conclusion The prevalence of hypertension among Bangladeshi adults has increased significantly, and there is no subgroup where it is decreasing. Population-level approaches directed at high-risk groups (overweight, obese) should be implemented thoroughly. We underscore prevention strategies by following strong collaboration with stakeholders in the health system of the country to adopt healthy lifestyle choices.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in prevalence and risk factors of hypertension among adults in Bangladesh: An analysis of two waves of nationally representative surveys

et al. 2021

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“…In the present study, we sought to quantify the productivity burden of migraine in Australia over the next 10 years, measured in terms of productivity-adjusted life years (PALYs), [14][15][16][17][18][19] and the associated impact on the broader economy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Health and Productivity Burden of Migraines in Australia

Liew

Ademi

et al. 2020

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Objective This study aimed to quantify the health and productivity burden of migraines in Australia, measured by quality‐adjusted life years (QALYs), productivity‐adjusted life years (PALYs, a novel measure of productivity), and associated health‐care and broader economic costs. Methods A Markov state‐transition model was constructed to simulate follow‐up of Australians aged 20‐64 years over the next 10 years. The model was first run using current prevalence estimates of migraine. It was then rerun assuming that people with migraine hypothetically did not have the condition. Differences in outcomes between the 2 model simulations represented the health and productivity burden attributable to migraine. All data inputs were obtained from published sources. Gross domestic product (GDP) per equivalent full‐time worker in Australia was used to reflect the cost of each PALY (AU$177,092). Future costs and outcomes were discounted by 5% annually. Results Currently, 1,274,319 million (8.5%) Australians aged 20‐64 years have migraine. Over the next 10 years, migraine was predicted to lead to a loss of 2,577,783 (95% confidence interval [CI] 2,054,980 to 3,000,784) QALYs among this cohort (2.02 per person and 2.43% of total QALYs), and AU$1.67 (95% CI $1.16 to $2.37) billion in health‐care costs (AU$1313 per person, 95% CI $914 to $1862). There would also be 384,740 (95% CI 299,102 to 479,803) PALYs lost (0.30 per person and 0.53% of total PALYs), resulting in AU$68.13 (95% CI $44.42 to $98.25) billion of lost GDP (AU$53,467 per person, 95% CI $34,855 to $77,102). Conclusion Migraines impose a substantial health and economic burden on Australians of working age. Funding interventions that reduce the prevalence of migraines and/or its effects are likely to provide sound return on investment.

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“…Hypertension prevalence among active age population is a concern considering its economic and health burden in Bangladesh. [30][31][32][33].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in prevalence and risk factors of hypertension among adults in Bangladesh: An analysis of two waves of nationally representative surveys

Chowdhury

Islam

Rahman

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Objective To examine the change in hypertension prevalence and risk factors among adults in Bangladesh. Methods Cross-sectional analysis was conducted using nationally representative two waves of the Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (BDHS) in 2011 and 2018. Survey participants were adults 18 years or older- which included detailed biomarker and anthropometric measurements of 23539 study participants. The change in prevalence of hypertension was estimated, and adjusted odds ratios were obtained using multivariable logistic regression models. Findings From 2011 to 2018, the hypertension prevalence among adults aged ≥35 years increased from 25.84% to 39.40% (p<0.001), with the largest relative increase (97%) among obese individuals. The prevalence of hypertension among women remained higher than men whereas the relative increase among men and women were 75% and 39%, respectively. Regression analysis identified age and BMI as the independent risk factors of hypertension. Other risk factors of hypertension were sex, marital status, education, geographic region, wealth index, and diabetes status in both survey years. Female adults experienced significantly higher hypertension risk in the overall analysis in both survey years, however, in the subgroup analysis gender difference in hypertension risk was not significant in rural 2011 and urban 2018 samples. Conclusion A substantial increase was observed in prevalence of hypertension among Bangladeshi adults and there is no subgroup in which it is decreasing. Population-level approaches directed at adults with hypertension are needed to improve risk factors to prevent hypertension.

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The impact of diabetes on the productivity and economy of Bangladesh

Cited by 28 publications

References 28 publications

Changes in prevalence and risk factors of hypertension among adults in Bangladesh: An analysis of two waves of nationally representative surveys

Changes in prevalence and risk factors of hypertension among adults in Bangladesh: An analysis of two waves of nationally representative surveys

The Health and Productivity Burden of Migraines in Australia

Changes in prevalence and risk factors of hypertension among adults in Bangladesh: An analysis of two waves of nationally representative surveys

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