The impact of dietary restraint and moderate-intensity exercise on post-exercise energy intake in sedentary males

Harris, Cristen; George, Valérie

doi:10.1016/j.eatbeh.2008.06.004

Cited by 11 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Conversely, in lean women with a high level of Restraint, an acute bout of exercise increased the perceived pleasantness of low-fat food and reduced the motivation to eat 126. In concordance with this, lean and overweight males with high Restraint did not show a counter-regulatory eating response (an overeating response initiated by the breakdown of cognitive Restraint) following a bout of moderate intensity exercise 147. Therefore, the influence of an acute bout of exercise appears to be beneficial, at least in the short term, for men and women who exhibit a high Restraint score.…”

Section: Psychological Processes and Behavioural Traitsmentioning

confidence: 68%

Exercise, appetite and weight management: understanding the compensatory responses in eating behaviour and how they contribute to variability in exercise-induced weight loss

et al. 2011

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Does exercise promote weight loss? One of the key problems with studies assessing the efficacy of exercise as a method of weight management and obesity is that mean data are presented, and the individual variability in response is overlooked. Recent data have highlighted the need to demonstrate and characterise the individual variability in response to exercise. Do people who exercise compensate for the increase in energy expenditure via compensatory increases in hunger and food intake? We address the physiological, psychological and behavioural factors potentially involved in the relationship between exercise and appetite, and identify the research questions which remain unanswered.A negative consequence of the phenomena of individual variability and compensatory responses has been the focus on those who lose little weight in response to exercise; this has been used unreasonably as evidence to suggest that exercise is a futile method of weight control and managing obesity.Most of the evidence suggests that exercise is useful for improving body composition and health. For example, when exercise-induced mean weight loss is <1.0kg, significant improvements in aerobic capacity (+6.3 ml . kg -1. min -1), systolic (-6.00 mmHg) and diastolic (-3.9 mmHg) blood pressure, waist circumference (-3.7cm) and positive mood still occur. However, people will vary in their responses to exercise; understanding and characterising this variability will help tailor weight loss strategies to suit individuals. I) IntroductionExercise is frequently used as a method of weight control through an increase in energy expenditure with the aim of creating a sustained energy deficit. Of course, compliance to the exercise itself is an important issue, however, of more interest is the issue of compensatory responses which undermine the ability of exercise to promote the theoretical weight loss. [1] There have been a multitude of studies examining the acute effects of exercise on compensatory responses in energy intake. The acute effects of exercise appear to be consistent and relatively well understood. The majority of research demonstrates that acute exercise does not increase hunger, desire to eat or energy intake. [2][3][4][5][6] Even when there is a marked increment of 4.6 MJ/d in acute exercise-induced energy expenditure (EE), and energy intake (EI) is monitored for 2 days, there is no automatic increase in EI. [7] Although the acute effects of exercise on EI are generally consistent, there are a few rare examples of a coupling between EE and EI. [8][9] More recently partial compensation to an exercise-induced energy deficit has been reported. [10][11][12] Exercise has also been demonstrated to improve the sensitivity of appetite control, and that regular exercisers are better at detecting the difference in energy content between low-and high-energy preloads compared with their sedentary counterparts. [13][14] Overall, the evidence suggests that no or only slight partial compensation occurs in response to an acute exercise-induced ...

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Section: Psychological Processes and Behavioural Traitsmentioning

confidence: 68%

Exercise, appetite and weight management: understanding the compensatory responses in eating behaviour and how they contribute to variability in exercise-induced weight loss

et al. 2011

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“…Harris et al [61] found no differences in post-exercise energy intake in a sample of men across 5 groups: 1) normal weight/low dietary restraint/non-dieting; 2) normal weight/high dietary restraint/non-dieting; 3) overweight/low dietary restraint/non-dieting; 4) overweight/high dietary restraint/non-dieting; and 5) overweight/high dietary restraint/dieting. In a sample of normal weight young women, Lluch et al [70] found increased absolute post-exercise energy intake in women classified as unrestrained eaters and decreased energy intake in restrained eaters.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Six studies included both men and women [64]–[68], 15 included women only [52]–[54], [62], [63], [69]–[76] and 19 studies included only men [51], [55]–[61], [77]–[86].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Eleven studies (∼28%) recruited sedentary or moderately active participants [53], [62], [63], [66], [68], [69], [73], [75], [85], [86] while 5 studies (∼13% ) did not describe baseline participant physical activity [61], [64], [72], [78].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nine of 40 acute studies (∼23%) [52], [62], [64], [65], [67], [68], [70], [83], [84] reported a significant increase in absolute energy intake (∼80 to 470 kcal/day) following exercise compared with non-exercise control while 27 studies (∼68%) found no difference in absolute energy intake between exercise and control conditions [51], [53]–[61], [63], [64], [66], [69], [72]–[77], [79]–[82]. Four studies (10%) reported a significant decrease in absolute energy intake (∼125 to 240 kcal/day) following exercise compared with non-exercise control [75], [78], [85], [86].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Does Increased Exercise or Physical Activity Alter Ad-Libitum Daily Energy Intake or Macronutrient Composition in Healthy Adults? A Systematic Review

et al. 2014

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BackgroundThe magnitude of the negative energy balance induced by exercise may be reduced due to compensatory increases in energy intake.ObjectiveTo address the question: Does increased exercise or physical activity alter ad-libitum daily energy intake or macronutrient composition in healthy adults?Data SourcesPubMed and Embase were searched (January 1990–January 2013) for studies that presented data on energy and/or macronutrient intake by level of exercise, physical activity or change in response to exercise. Ninety-nine articles (103 studies) were included.Study Eligibility CriteriaPrimary source articles published in English in peer-reviewed journals. Articles that presented data on energy and/or macronutrient intake by level of exercise or physical activity or changes in energy or macronutrient intake in response to acute exercise or exercise training in healthy (non-athlete) adults (mean age 18–64 years).Study Appraisal and Synthesis MethodsArticles were grouped by study design: cross-sectional, acute/short term, non-randomized, and randomized trials. Considerable heterogeneity existed within study groups for several important study parameters, therefore a meta-analysis was considered inappropriate. Results were synthesized and presented by study design.ResultsNo effect of physical activity, exercise or exercise training on energy intake was shown in 59% of cross-sectional studies (n = 17), 69% of acute (n = 40), 50% of short-term (n = 10), 92% of non-randomized (n = 12) and 75% of randomized trials (n = 24). Ninety-four percent of acute, 57% of short-term, 100% of non-randomized and 74% of randomized trials found no effect of exercise on macronutrient intake. Forty-six percent of cross-sectional trials found lower fat intake with increased physical activity.LimitationsThe literature is limited by the lack of adequately powered trials of sufficient duration, which have prescribed and measured exercise energy expenditure, or employed adequate assessment methods for energy and macronutrient intake.ConclusionsWe found no consistent evidence that increased physical activity or exercise effects energy or macronutrient intake.

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Using a novel computer-based approach to assess the acute effects of exercise on appetite-related measures

2012

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The impact of dietary restraint and moderate-intensity exercise on post-exercise energy intake in sedentary males

Cited by 11 publications

References 39 publications

Exercise, appetite and weight management: understanding the compensatory responses in eating behaviour and how they contribute to variability in exercise-induced weight loss

Exercise, appetite and weight management: understanding the compensatory responses in eating behaviour and how they contribute to variability in exercise-induced weight loss

Does Increased Exercise or Physical Activity Alter Ad-Libitum Daily Energy Intake or Macronutrient Composition in Healthy Adults? A Systematic Review

Using a novel computer-based approach to assess the acute effects of exercise on appetite-related measures

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