The Impact of Different Green Synthetic Routes on the Photocatalytic Potential of FeSnO2 for the Removal of Methylene Blue and Crystal Violet Dyes under Natural Sunlight Exposure

Abstract

FeSnO2 nanocomposites were synthesized via the green method using aqueous leaf extracts of Lawsonia inermis and Phyllanthus embilica plants. The role of polyphenols based on reduction potentials for the synthesis of FeSnO2 was also highlighted. The synthesized materials were examined by using TGA and DSC, FT-IR, XRD, and SEM with EDX analysis. Tetragonal rutile and distorted hexagonal structures were observed in SEM images of the FeSnO2 nanocomposites and compared with an FeSnO2 nanocomposite prepared using the sol-gel method. Scherer’s formula yielded crystallite sizes of 29.49, 14.54, and 20.43 nm; however, the average crystallite size assessed employing the Williamson–Hall equation was found to be 20.85, 11.30, and 14.86 nm by using the sol-gel and green techniques, using extracts from Lawsonia inermis and Phyllanthus embilica. The band gap was determined by using the Tauc and Wood equations, and photocatalytic activity was analyzed to determine the degradation of methylene blue (MB) and crystal violet (CV) under the illumination of natural sunlight. It was observed that the sample prepared by means of the green method using the leaf extract of Lawsonia inermis showed the best photocatalytic activity of 84%, with a particle size of 14.54 nm, a 3.10 eV band gap, and a specific surface area of 55.68 m2g−1.

Interfacial and Electronic Modulation of M-Bridged Heterostructures with L-Tryptophan and Transition Metallic Oxides: Enhancing Corrosion Resistance and Photocatalytic Activity

“…Furthermore, as discussed before, the importance of WO 3 within the structure of MOFs has more dominant effect compared to the morphology of the sample. Table presents a comparison of the catalytic activity of the ZrOF, TiOF, and WOF catalysts for the degradation of CV with other reported catalysts. ,− Jadhav et al reached 99.38% degradation efficiency after 360 min with anatase nanosphere TiO 2 , which closely aligns with the E f value of WOF (99.61%). However, the notable difference lies in the degradation time, with WOF achieving this efficiency in just 120 min, suggesting WOF as an effective catalyst for rapid photocatalytic activity.…”

Elucidating the structural, catalytic, and antibacterial traits ofFicus caricaandAzadirachta indicaleaf extract‐mediated synthesis of theAg/CuO/rGOnanocomposite

“…I G U R E 1 4 Antibacterial activity of Ag/CuO/rGO prepared by the green one-pot method using the leaf extract of F. carica against bacterial strains (a) S. aureus (b) P. aeruginosa, and (c) E. coli.overall negative value of ΔE shows that reaction is nonspontaneous indicating that reduction potential of phytochemical is much less that it cannot reduce the Cu +2 to Cu 0(Ahmed et al, 2022). However, the polyphenols are efficient to reduce the Ag + to Ag 0 with the same mechanism as proposed earlier for the reduction of Fe +3 to Fe(Mubeen & Farrukh, 2023) (Shaukat et al, 2023).…”

Synthesis and photoluminescence properties of high-quality reddish-orange emitting Ca4Nb2O9:Eu3+ phosphors for WLEDs and anti-counterfeiting

“…The HR-XPS spectrum of Eu 3d revealed four peaks at 1163.99, 1154.29, 1134.12, and 1124.56 eV, which belong to Eu 3+ 3d 3/2 , Eu 2+ 3d 3/2 , Eu 3+ 3d 5/2 , and Eu 2+ 3d 5/2 , respectively. 39 The appearance of the Eu 2+ 3d peaks suggests the presence of two Eu ion environments.…”

“…In the O 1s core-level spectrum, the broad peak is a combination of three peaks (529.58, 531.34, and 533.41 eV)38 , which are ascribed to lattice oxygen, oxygen vacancies, and surface oxygen, respectively. The HR-XPS spectrum of Eu 3d revealed four peaks at 1163.99, 1154.29, 1134.12, and 1124.56 eV, which belong to Eu 3+ 3d 3/2 , Eu 2+ 3d 3/2 , Eu 3+ 3d 5/2m , and Eu 2+ 3d 5/2 , respectively39 . The appearance of the Eu 2+ 3d peaks indicates that two Eu ion environments exist.Dalton Transactions Accepted ManuscriptOpen Access Article.…”