The impact of discrimination on substance use disorders among sexual minorities

Abrahão, Ana Beatriz Balieiro; Kortas, Guilherme Trevizan; Blaas, Israel Kanaan; Gimenes, Gislaine Koch; Leopoldo, Kaê; Malbergier, André; Torales, Júlio; Ventriglio, Antonio; Castaldelli-Maia, João Maurício

doi:10.1080/09540261.2022.2094223

Cited by 7 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Early detection and knowledge of risk factors can contribute to the reinforcement of accessible, non-judgmental, and well-informed prevention and harm reduction activities to support MSM who engage in slamsex [24]. In addition, an equity-oriented approach should be adopted to facilitate unbiased care opportunities [25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of the Delphi Method for Content Validity Analysis of a Questionnaire to Determine the Risk Factors of the Chemsex

del Pozo-Herce,

Martínez-Sabater,

Chover-Sierra

et al. 2023

Healthcare

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Chemsex is understood as “the intentional use of stimulant drugs to have sex for an extended time among gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men”. It is a public health problem because of the increased incidence of cases and because of the consequences on the physical and mental health of those who practice it. Aim: This study aimed to analyze, with the help of the Delphi method, the content validity of a new instrument to assess the risk of behaviors associated with the chemsex phenomenon. Method: First, a bank of items identified from the literature was elaborated. Secondly, 50 experts with knowledge of the chemsex phenomenon at the national level were contacted. A Delphi group was formed with them to carry out two rounds of item evaluation. The linguistic evaluation (comprehension and appropriateness) was assessed using a Likert scale from 1 to 5 for each item. Items that did not reach a mean score of 4 were eliminated. Content assessment was calculated using each item’s content validity index (CVI) and Aiken’s V (VdA). A minimum CVI and VdA value of 0.6 was established to include the items in the questionnaire. Results: A total of 114 items were identified in the literature. In the first round of Delphi evaluation, 36 experts evaluated the items. A total of 58 items were eliminated for obtaining a CVI or VdA of less than 0.6, leaving 56 items. In a second Delphi round, 30 experts re-evaluated the 56 selected items, where 4 items were eliminated for being similar, and 10 items were also eliminated for not being relevant to the topic even though they had values higher than 0.6, leaving the scale finally composed of 52 items. Conclusion: A questionnaire has been designed to assess the risk of behaviors associated with the chemsex phenomenon. The items that make up the questionnaire have shown adequate content and linguistic validity. The Delphi method proved to be a helpful technique for the proposed objective.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of the Delphi Method for Content Validity Analysis of a Questionnaire to Determine the Risk Factors of the Chemsex

del Pozo-Herce,

Martínez-Sabater,

Chover-Sierra

et al. 2023

Healthcare

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“…Among MSM, stigma, discrimination, and experiences of prejudice have been linked to stress and poor mental health conditions including low self-esteem, negative affect, and depression [12]. Furthermore, stress and poor mental health have been linked to higher rates of substance use among MSM [13]. Substance use has been identified as a form of self-medication among MSM to deal with stress and trauma associated with being a sexual minority in the United States [14,15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stimulant Use Associated With Psychosocial Factors, HIV Risk, and Concurrent Hazardous Alcohol Use Among US Adults: Exploratory Cross-Sectional Questionnaire Study

Lee¹,

Jain²,

Duthely³

et al. 2023

JMIR Form Res

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Background Stimulant use is a major public health problem that contributes to morbidity and mortality among men who have sex with men (MSM) in the United States. To reduce the harms associated with stimulant use, there is a need to identify the factors associated with stimulant use to inform interventions. Additionally, there is a need to use large crowdsourcing platforms like Amazon Mechanical Turk (MTurk) to engage more individuals who use substances across the United States. Objective We identified the correlates of stimulant use among people who use alcohol or stimulants in the United States recruited using MTurk. Methods Participants who were aged ≥18 years in the United States and reported alcohol or stimulant (ie, cocaine, crack cocaine, and methamphetamine) use were deemed eligible and recruited via the web platform MTurk. Participants completed a baseline survey, which assessed sociodemographics, psychosocial (ie, depression, affect, self-esteem, and stress) factors, substance use, and sexual behaviors. Data were collected and analyzed with STATA (version 17; StataCorp). Stratifying by MSM status, bivariate and multivariable logistic regression models were built in STATA to examine the correlates of stimulant use. Multivariable models controlled for age, race, health insurance, and relationship status. Results Of 272 participants, 201 (73.9%) identified as male, 134 (49.2%) were MSM, 52 (19.1%) were from racial and ethnic minoritized communities, and 158 (58%) were in a relationship. The mean age was 36.10 (SD 10.3) years. A total of 40 (14.7%) participants reported stimulant use in the past 6 months. Factors significantly associated with stimulant use were being MSM (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 4.61, 95% CI 1.97-10.81), a higher Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test-Concise score (aOR 1.24, 95% CI 1.08-1.42), more intense cravings for alcohol in the past 24 hours (aOR 1.03, 95% CI 1.01-1.04), a higher depression score (aOR 1.06, 95% CI 1.01-1.12), a greater number of male partners in the last 6 months (aOR 1.32, 95% CI 1.08-1.61), a greater number of female partners in the last 6 months (aOR 1.42, 95% CI 1.04-1.92), and being diagnosed with a sexually transmitted infection (eg, syphilis, gonorrhea, chlamydia, herpes simplex virus, human papillomavirus, and other) in the last 6 months (aOR 14.61, 95% CI 3.45-61.87). Additionally, there was a significant additive interaction between MSM status and negative affect, such that the impact of negative affect on stimulant use was significantly greater among MSM compared with non-MSM (relative excess risk due to interaction 0.085, 95% CI 0.037-0.13). Conclusions Interventions that address stimulant use should use evidence-based approaches that reduce negative affect, depression, and cravings for alcohol. Additionally, interventions should be customized for MSM populations.

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Bisexuality and Substance Use

Ford,

Pearlman,

Feinstein

2023

Curr Sex Health Rep

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Purpose of review This article highlights an urgent need to better understand the substance use disparities affecting bisexual people. The National Institutes of Health (NIH) and the National Academy of Medicine (NAM) have made calls for research to identify risk factors for adverse health outcomes, including substance use behaviors, among bisexual people. Despite growing interest in this area, our understanding of why bisexual people are at increased risk for substance use remains limited. Recent findings Today, an increasing percent of the U.S. population identifies as bisexual. The literature consistently shows higher rates of substance use and resulting consequences among bisexual people relative to both heterosexual and gay/lesbian people. Thus, it seems an opportune time to review research on substance use in bisexual populations. Summary In this article, we review this literature and identify important findings in several key areas to guide future work including heterogeneity in substance use, distal and proximal risk factors, and intersectional forces that influence elevated substance use patterns among bisexual individuals.

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The impact of discrimination on substance use disorders among sexual minorities

Cited by 7 publications

References 51 publications

Application of the Delphi Method for Content Validity Analysis of a Questionnaire to Determine the Risk Factors of the Chemsex

Application of the Delphi Method for Content Validity Analysis of a Questionnaire to Determine the Risk Factors of the Chemsex

Stimulant Use Associated With Psychosocial Factors, HIV Risk, and Concurrent Hazardous Alcohol Use Among US Adults: Exploratory Cross-Sectional Questionnaire Study

Bisexuality and Substance Use

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