The Impact of Dopamine on Aggression: An [<sup>18</sup>F]-FDOPA PET Study in Healthy Males

Schlüter, Thorben; Winz, Oliver; Henkel, Kai-Olaf; Prinz, Sebastian; Rademacher, Lena; Schmaljohann, Jörn; Dautzenberg, Kai; Cumming, Paul; Kumakura, Yoshitaka; Rex, Steffen; Mottaghy, Felix M.; Gründer, Gerhard; Vernaleken, Ingo

doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1398-13.2013

Cited by 55 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…A recent study proposed that striatal dopamine circuits, particularly the caudate, may provide a mechanism for the active suppression of the DMN under conditions that require increased processing of external stimuli (e.g., an attention demanding cognitive task) relative to internal, self-directed processing [52]. This might be related to a recent finding where heightened trait aggression is associated with reduced dopamine in striatum [53] and that striatal dopamine influences the DMN to affect shifting between internal states and cognitive demands [54].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Reactions to Media Violence: It’s in the Brain of the Beholder

et al. 2014

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Media portraying violence is part of daily exposures. The extent to which violent media exposure impacts brain and behavior has been debated. Yet there is not enough experimental data to inform this debate. We hypothesize that reaction to violent media is critically dependent on personality/trait differences between viewers, where those with the propensity for physical assault will respond to the media differently than controls. The source of the variability, we further hypothesize, is reflected in autonomic response and brain functioning that differentiate those with aggression tendencies from others. To test this hypothesis we pre-selected a group of aggressive individuals and non-aggressive controls from the normal healthy population; we documented brain, blood-pressure, and behavioral responses during resting baseline and while the groups were watching media violence and emotional media that did not portray violence. Positron Emission Tomography was used with [18F]fluoro-deoxyglucose (FDG) to image brain metabolic activity, a marker of brain function, during rest and during film viewing while blood-pressure and mood ratings were intermittently collected. Results pointed to robust resting baseline differences between groups. Aggressive individuals had lower relative glucose metabolism in the medial orbitofrontal cortex correlating with poor self-control and greater glucose metabolism in other regions of the default-mode network (DMN) where precuneus correlated with negative emotionality. These brain results were similar while watching the violent media, during which aggressive viewers reported being more Inspired and Determined and less Upset and Nervous, and also showed a progressive decline in systolic blood-pressure compared to controls. Furthermore, the blood-pressure and brain activation in orbitofrontal cortex and precuneus were differentially coupled between the groups. These results demonstrate that individual differences in trait aggression strongly couple with brain, behavioral, and autonomic reactivity to media violence which should factor into debates about the impact of media violence on the public.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Reactions to Media Violence: It’s in the Brain of the Beholder

et al. 2014

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“…In the context of the present study, it is tempting to propose that modulation of these peptidergic hypothalamic neurons by light, which, at best, is incompletely documented (54)(55)(56), may trigger some of the affective, autonomic, and hypothalamic symptoms. Specifically, altered dopaminergic activity can facilitate anger and irritability (57)(58)(59)(60), fear, panic, anxiety, and stress (61), altered oxytocinergic activity can reduce stress, anxiety, and fear and facilitate the relaxing, calming, soothing, and happy affects (62,63); altered orexinergic, MCHergic, and histaminergic activity can facilitate the perception of sleepiness and hunger (64-66), altered vasopressinergic activity can facilitate thirst (67), and many of these peptidergic neurons can promote yawning (68,69), salivation (70,71), lacrimation, nasal congestion, and rhinorrhea (64). Given that many of these peptides and neurotransmitters regulate each other's secretion, that they can be antagonistic to each other in one area of the brain and synergistic in another, and that their overall activity may depend on a variety of internal and external cues, we must acknowledge that the examples provided here are vastly oversimplified.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neural mechanism for hypothalamic-mediated autonomic responses to light during migraine

Noseda

Lee

Nir

et al. 2017

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Migraineurs avoid light because it intensifies their headache. However, this is not the only reason for their aversion to light. Studying migraineurs and control subjects, we found that lights triggered more changes in autonomic functions and negative emotions during, rather than in the absence of, migraine or in control subjects, and that the association between light and positive emotions was stronger in control subjects than migraineurs. Seeking to define a neuroanatomical substrate for these findings, we showed that, in rats, axons of retinal ganglion cells converge on hypothalamic neurons that project directly to nuclei in the brainstem and spinal cord that regulate parasympathetic and sympathetic functions and contain dopamine, histamine, orexin, melanin-concentrating hormone, oxytocin, and vasopressin. Although the rat studies define frameworks for conceptualizing how light triggers the symptoms described by patients, the human studies suggest that the aversive nature of light is more complex than its association with headache intensification.

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“…For example, amphetamine-associated striatal DA release is positively correlated with impulsivity (Buckholtz et al, 2010a). However, other studies indicate the opposite relationship, finding a negative correlation between levels of aggression and DA storage capacity in the midbrain and the striatum (Schluter et al, 2013). Patients suffering from schizophrenia, who display high levels of aggression, show an upregulation of the D 2 receptor in the striatum (Hirvonen et al, 2005), and haloperidol and risperidone are often used successfully to alleviate aggression in such patients (Volavka et al, 2004b).…”

Section: Mechanistic Insight On the Pa Establishment Of Perturbed Emomentioning

confidence: 99%

Monoamine-Sensitive Developmental Periods Impacting Adult Emotional and Cognitive Behaviors

Suri

Teixeira

Cagliostro

et al. 2014

Neuropsychopharmacol

145

125

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Development passes through sensitive periods, during which plasticity allows for genetic and environmental factors to exert indelible influence on the maturation of the organism. In the context of central nervous system development, such sensitive periods shape the formation of neurocircuits that mediate, regulate, and control behavior. This general mechanism allows for development to be guided by both the genetic blueprint as well as the environmental context. While allowing for adaptation, such sensitive periods are also vulnerability windows during which external and internal factors can confer risk to disorders by derailing otherwise resilient developmental programs. Here we review developmental periods that are sensitive to monoamine signaling and impact adult behaviors of relevance to psychiatry. Specifically, we review (1) a serotonin-sensitive period that impacts sensory system development, (2) a serotonin-sensitive period that impacts cognition, anxiety-and depressionrelated behaviors, and (3) a dopamine-and serotonin-sensitive period affecting aggression, impulsivity and behavioral response to psychostimulants. We discuss preclinical data to provide mechanistic insight, as well as epidemiological and clinical data to point out translational relevance. The field of translational developmental neuroscience has progressed exponentially providing solid conceptual advances and unprecedented mechanistic insight. With such knowledge at hand and important methodological innovation ongoing, the field is poised for breakthroughs elucidating the developmental origins of neuropsychiatric disorders, and thus understanding pathophysiology. Such knowledge of sensitive periods that determine the developmental trajectory of complex behaviors is a necessary step towards improving prevention and treatment approaches for neuropsychiatric disorders.

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The Impact of Dopamine on Aggression: An [¹⁸F]-FDOPA PET Study in Healthy Males

Cited by 55 publications

References 62 publications

Reactions to Media Violence: It’s in the Brain of the Beholder

Reactions to Media Violence: It’s in the Brain of the Beholder

Neural mechanism for hypothalamic-mediated autonomic responses to light during migraine

Monoamine-Sensitive Developmental Periods Impacting Adult Emotional and Cognitive Behaviors

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The Impact of Dopamine on Aggression: An [18F]-FDOPA PET Study in Healthy Males

Cited by 55 publications

References 62 publications

Reactions to Media Violence: It’s in the Brain of the Beholder

Reactions to Media Violence: It’s in the Brain of the Beholder

Neural mechanism for hypothalamic-mediated autonomic responses to light during migraine

Monoamine-Sensitive Developmental Periods Impacting Adult Emotional and Cognitive Behaviors

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Product

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The Impact of Dopamine on Aggression: An [¹⁸F]-FDOPA PET Study in Healthy Males