The impact of early childbirth on socioeconomic outcomes and risk indicators of females transitioning out of foster care

Shpiegel, Svetlana; Cascardi, Michele

doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2017.11.001

Cited by 24 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Finally, Shpiegel, Cascardi and Dineen () have shown that nearly 20% of female foster youth in a large national sample had given birth by age 19. These and other studies also indicate that the risk of childbirth increases during late adolescence and the period of transition to adulthood, as youths emancipate from the child welfare system and begin living independently (Putnam‐Hornstein, Hammond, Eastman, McCroskey, & Webster, ; Shpiegel & Cascardi, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 79%

“…Birth rates among youths in foster care have been the subject of several recent investigations (Combs, Begun, Rinehart, & Taussig, ; Font, Cancian & Berger, ; King, ; Shpiegel & Cascardi, ). Although specific estimates have varied across samples, most existing studies indicate that females with foster care backgrounds exhibit birth rates two to three times higher than their counterparts in the general population (Eastman, Palmer, & Ahn, ; Font et al, ; Svoboda, Shaw, Barth, & Bright, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Numerous studies have shown that adolescent childbirth is linked to adverse outcomes for mothers, including educational underachievement, employment difficulties, and decreased economic self‐sufficiency (e.g., Barnet, Liu, & DeVoe, ; Boden, Fergusson, and Horwood, 2008; Furstenberg, ). Yet few studies have explored the outcomes of adolescent mothers with current or past foster care involvement (Eastman & Putnam‐Hornstein, ; Eastman, Schelbe, & McCroskey, ; Font et al, ; Combs et al, ; Shpiegel & Cascardi, ; Schelbe & Geiger, ). The limited research on this topic has produced inconsistent findings, with some studies describing heightened challenges among young women who have given birth (e.g., Combs et al, ; Shpiegel & Cascardi, ) whereas others depicting motherhood as more nuanced, including both challenges and a renewed sense of purpose and motivation (e.g., Pryce & Samuels, ; Schelbe & Geiger, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Research on transition‐age foster youth indicates that they are vulnerable to a myriad of unfavourable outcomes, including educational and vocational problems, homelessness, substance abuse, and criminal justice involvement (Courtney et al, 2018; Narendorf & McMillen, ; Naccarato, Brophy, & Courtney, ; Stott & Gustavsson, ). These difficulties may be especially pronounced among those youth who parent children, given the confluence of negative outcomes associated with both early parenthood and “aging‐out” of foster care (Shpiegel & Cascardi, ; Combs et al, ). The pressures of caring for young children, coupled with a lack of adequate skills, resources, and supports, are among the challenges faced by young mothers as they approach and negotiate the transition to independent adulthood (Aparicio, Pecukonis, & O'Naele, ; Shpiegel & Cascardi, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These difficulties may be especially pronounced among those youth who parent children, given the confluence of negative outcomes associated with both early parenthood and “aging‐out” of foster care (Shpiegel & Cascardi, ; Combs et al, ). The pressures of caring for young children, coupled with a lack of adequate skills, resources, and supports, are among the challenges faced by young mothers as they approach and negotiate the transition to independent adulthood (Aparicio, Pecukonis, & O'Naele, ; Shpiegel & Cascardi, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

The functional patterns of adolescent mothers leaving foster care: Results from a cluster analysis

Shpiegel

Aparicio

King

et al. 2019

Child & Family Social Work

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Few studies have explored the outcomes of adolescent mothers leaving foster care, especially using person‐oriented methods. The current study employed a cluster analysis to identify unique patterns of functioning among adolescent mothers aged 19 (n = 777). Data from the National Youth in Transition Database and the Adoption and Foster Care Analysis and Reporting System were utilized. Findings revealed five subpopulations characterized by distinct constellations of outcomes at age 19. The largest group (43%) exhibited competent functioning across all the domains studied—its members were connected to school and/or employment and did not experience homelessness, substance abuse referrals, or incarceration during the past 2 years (i.e., “resilient”). A relatively small group (12%) exhibited challenges across all the above‐referenced domains, whereas the remaining groups presented challenges in some domains, but not in others. Follow‐up analyses revealed that adolescent mothers classified as resilient at age 19 had the lowest rates of congregate care placements and the highest rates of nonrelative foster care placements at age 17. Moreover, they had lower placement instability and higher rates of extended foster care as compared with members of the other clusters. Implications for practice, policy, and research are discussed.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

The functional patterns of adolescent mothers leaving foster care: Results from a cluster analysis

Shpiegel

Aparicio

King

et al. 2019

Child & Family Social Work

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COVID-19 Vaccination Perspectives Among Young Parents with Foster Care Backgrounds

Aparicio

Shpiegel

Martínez-García

et al. 2022

Child Adolesc Soc Work J

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w thousand deaths due to COVID-19 nationwide as of late September 2021 (CDC, 2021). Understanding community members' beliefs and attitudes towards mitigating the virus's spread, including attitudes towards vaccination, is critical to public health. Young adults are key to combating the spread of COVID-19, particularly as they may be asymptomatic carriers and unknowingly spread the virus (Abbasi, 2020;Boehmer et al., 2020). A recent meta-analysis regarding vaccination has found that norms, perceived behavioral control, and, most strongly, attitudes, predict vaccination intentions (Xiao & Wong, 2020). Yet, few studies have been conducted to explore young adults' concerns regarding vaccination, including subgroups of young adults that may be at heightened risk because of social conditions. Young parents in foster care and those who have recently aged out of foster care are disproportionately likely to reside in group settings

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Fatherhood in Foster Care: A Scoping Review Spanning 30 Years of Research on Expectant and Parenting Fathers in State Care

Harty

Ethier

2022

Child Adolesc Soc Work J

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Over the past 30 years, there has been a surge of interest in understanding the experiences and outcomes of expectant and parenting foster youth. Despite the importance of understanding this unique population of foster youth, there remains a lack of research on fathers in foster care. Most studies of expectant and parenting foster youth focus on mothers in care, and studies that have examined fathers in care provide little insight compared to what we know about mothers. Furthermore, existing research on fathers in foster care is limited by underreporting, service engagement issues, lack of meaningful engagement data, and very little information on fathers’ involvement with their children. There is very little published research on the experience of fatherhood in foster care or on related outcomes for fathers in care such as residency with children, father engagement with children, coparental relationship quality, or the health and well-being of their children. While there have been over 60 studies and three reviews on expectant and parenting foster youth spanning roughly 30 years, the articles have primarily focused on empirical findings relating to mothers in foster care. Information on fathers in foster care has received little attention and is restricted to empirical studies. This scoping review aims to fill this gap by examining the available information on fathers in foster care. To this end, our scoping review explores empirical findings and knowledge from practice-, legal-, and policy-related literature related to fathers in foster care from peer-reviewed journal articles, reports, dissertations, white papers, and grey literature published between 1989 and 2021. Findings from 94 sources of evidence on expectant and parenting foster youth suggest that mothers in foster care are consistently the focus of the literature. If fathers in foster care are included in the literature, findings or guidance are often provided in the aggregate (e.g., parents in care). However, when aggregated, literature still focuses on mothers in care, or female pronouns are used to describe the larger expectant or parenting foster youth population. Many of the studies excluded fathers, and the primary exclusion rationale includes a lack of identified fathers in care, unreliable child welfare data on fathers, or high attrition of fathers in parenting services. In terms of information on fathers in foster care by the source of evidence, research papers often provided quantitative descriptions of fathers, practice papers focused on rights of fathers, legal papers centered on paternity establishment or paternal rights, and policy papers largely discussed the need for improved data tracking and interventions for fathers. More research is needed to support fathers in foster care as they transition out of care into early adulthood and young fatherhood.

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The impact of early childbirth on socioeconomic outcomes and risk indicators of females transitioning out of foster care

Cited by 24 publications

References 22 publications

The functional patterns of adolescent mothers leaving foster care: Results from a cluster analysis

The functional patterns of adolescent mothers leaving foster care: Results from a cluster analysis

COVID-19 Vaccination Perspectives Among Young Parents with Foster Care Backgrounds

Fatherhood in Foster Care: A Scoping Review Spanning 30 Years of Research on Expectant and Parenting Fathers in State Care

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