The Impact of Education and Literacy Levels on Cancer Screening among Older Latin American and Caribbean Adults

Reyes‐Ortiz, Carlos A.; Camacho, María Esther Irigoyen; Amador, Luis F.; Vélez, Luís Fernando; Ottenbacher, Kenneth J.; Markides, Kyriakos S.

doi:10.1177/107327480701400409

Cited by 38 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…The association between higher education and increased screening methods was found in other studies (Reyes-Ortiz et al, 2007;Bellizzi et al, 2011). Coupled with higher education, greater wealth and having a health insurance were found in this study to be associated with cancer screening, as also found in some other studies (Coughlin et al, 2007;Reyes-Ortiz et al, 2008;Leung et al, 2012).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…Factors associated with breast cancer and/or cervical cancer screening among older adults included older age (Reyes-Ortiz et al, 2006), less older age (Caplan, 2001), higher education (Reyes-Ortiz et al, 2007;Bellizzi et al, 2011;Leung et al, 2012), a higher level of knowledge about the usefulness and benefit of mammography (Constanza, 1994;Farmer et al, 2007;Kissal and Beser, 2011), lower cognitive performance (Leung et al, 2012), higher household income (Coughlin et al, 2007), having a public health insurance (Reyes-Ortiz et al, 2008), and higher number of chronic conditions (Heflin et al, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Breast and Cervical Cancer Screening and Associated Factors among Older Adult Women in South Africa

Peltzer

Phaswana‐Mafuya²

2014

Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention

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Background: Little is known about the cancer screening prevalence and correlates in older adults from different racial backgrounds. In the context of heightened efforts for prevention and early diagnosis, we collected information on screening for two major types of cancers: cervical and breast cancer in order to establish their prevalence estimates and correlates among older South African women who participated in the Study of Global Ageing and Adults Health (SAGE) in 2008. Materials and Methods: We conducted a national population-based cross-sectional study with a multi-stage stratified cluster sample of 3,840 individuals aged 50 years or older in South Africa in 2008. In this analysis, we only considered the female subsample of (n=2202). The measures used included socio-demographic characteristics, health variables, anthropometric and blood pressure measurements. Multivariable regression analysis was performed to assess the association of socio-demographic factors, health variables and cancer screening. Results: Overall, regarding cervical cancer screening, 24.3% ever had a Papanicolaou (PAP) smear test, and regarding breast cancer screening, 15.5% ever had a mammography. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, younger age, higher education, being from the White or Coloured population group, urban residence, greater wealth, and suffering from two or more chronic conditions were associated with cervical cancer screening, and higher education, being from the White or Indian/Asian population group, greater wealth, having a health insurance, and suffering from two or more chronic condtions were associated with breast cancer screening. Conclusions: Cancer screening coverage remains low among elderly women in South Africa in spite of the national guideline recommendations for regular screening in order to reduce the risk of dying from these cancers if not detected early. There is a need to improve accessibility and affordability of early cervical and breast cancer screening for all women to ensure effective prevention and management of cervical and breast cancer.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Breast and Cervical Cancer Screening and Associated Factors among Older Adult Women in South Africa

Peltzer

Phaswana‐Mafuya²

2014

Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention

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“…In fact, Wong et al (2009) noted that there is still a lack of knowledge and awareness of CC and screening among Malaysian women. Educational and attitudinal barriers have been identified as major reasons for low screening prevalence in developing countries (Leyva, Byrd, & Tarwater, 2006;Markovic, Kesic, Topic, & Matejic, 2005;Reyes-Ortiz et al, 2007). This study was carried out to evaluate the immediate effects of an educational intervention through a scientific seminar on short-term knowledge acquisition.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disseminating Cervical Cancer Knowledge: Impact of a Public Seminar

Parhizkar

Latiff

Afshari

2013

IJLD

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Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer after breast cancer among women in Malaysia. Cervical cancer screening using Pap smear provides an appropriate way for early detection and prevention of cervical cancer if appropriately implemented. Knowledge and attitudes toward disease and illness have been shown to influence cervical cancer screening in populations. This study was carried out to evaluate the immediate effects of an educational intervention through a scientific seminar on short-term knowledge acquisition. A quasi-experimental pre-test /post-test design was used to assess the efficacy of the public seminar on cervical cancer awareness among Malaysian women. A public seminar was organized by Faculty of Medicine and Health Science University Putra Malaysia. This public seminar focused on how Cervical Cancer Screening can be more accepted by most women in Malaysia and many other Asian and Middle East countries. Data were gathered via a self-administered questionnaire as pre-test. Immediately after delivering speeches by keynote speakers; post-test was carried out. The finding revealed that correct responses increased from 39% (pre seminar) to 71% (post seminar) and there was a significant difference in means scores of knowledge and attitude in pre-test and post-test (P < 0.001). An educational intervention had a positive effect on short-term knowledge and awareness of cervical cancer in Malaysian

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“…Nevertheless, a lack of conclusive data from ongoing prospective, randomized trials of prostate cancer screening still poses it as a controversial issue (3,4). Epidemiological data on prostate cancer in Latin America are still limited (14)(15)(16). In Brazil, where PSA-based screening is recommended by most specialty societies, the incidence of prostate cancer is considered intermediate.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between Literacy, Compliance with Prostate Cancer Screening, and Cancer Aggressiveness: Results from a Brazilian Screening Study

et al. 2013

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Purpose: Little is known about the effects of literacy levels on prostate cancer screening. This study evaluates the association between literacy, compliance with screening, and biopsy findings in a large Brazilian screening study. Materials and Methods:We analyzed 17,571 men screened for PCa with digital rectal examination (DRE) and total and free prostate-specific antigen (PSA) from January 2004 to December 2007. Of those, 17,558 men had information regarding literate status. Full urological evaluation in a specialized cancer center was recommended in the case of: a) suspicious DRE, b) PSA > 4.0 ng/mL, or c) PSA 2.5-3.9 ng/mL and free/total PSA (f/tPSA) ratio < 15%. Transrectal ultrasound guided prostate biopsy (14 cores) was performed upon confirmation of these findings after the patient's consent. Patients' compliance with screening recommendations and biopsy results were evaluated according to literacy levels. Results: an abnormal PSA, a suspicious DRE, or both were present in 73.2%, 19.7%, and 7.1% of those men who underwent biopsy, respectively. PCa was diagnosed in 652 men (3.7%). Previous PSAs or DREs were less common among illiterate men (p < 0.0001). Additionally, illiterate men were less prone to attend to further evaluations due to an abnormal PSA or DRE (p < 0.0001). PSA levels > 10 mg/mL (p = 0.03), clinical stage > T2a (p = 0.005), and biopsy Gleason > 7 (p = 0.02) were more common among illiterate men. Conclusions: In a screened population, literacy levels were associated with prior PCa evaluations and with compliance with screening protocols. Illiterate men were at higher risk of being diagnosed with more advanced and aggressive PCa.

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The Impact of Education and Literacy Levels on Cancer Screening among Older Latin American and Caribbean Adults

Abstract: Older adults with low educational or literacy levels should be targeted for screening programs in these populations.

Cited by 38 publications

References 37 publications

Breast and Cervical Cancer Screening and Associated Factors among Older Adult Women in South Africa

Breast and Cervical Cancer Screening and Associated Factors among Older Adult Women in South Africa

Disseminating Cervical Cancer Knowledge: Impact of a Public Seminar

Association between Literacy, Compliance with Prostate Cancer Screening, and Cancer Aggressiveness: Results from a Brazilian Screening Study

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