The Impact of Emotional Labor and Value Dissonance on Burnout Among Police Officers

Schaible, Lonnie M.; Gecas, Viktor

doi:10.1177/1098611110373997

Cited by 125 publications

(143 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Supporting this idea, previously we found that in response to these same conversations, officers reported feeling more negative and less positive emotion when experiencing greater job stress (Roberts & Levenson, 2001). Our present findings therefore offer some behavioral evidence to support notions that officers do manage emotions in their personal as well as professional lives (Brown & Grover, ; Schaible & Gecas, ).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

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Job Stress and Dyadic Synchrony in Police Marriages: A Preliminary Investigation

et al. 2012

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Despite reports documenting adverse effects of stress on police marriages, few empirical studies focus on actual emotional behaviors of officers and spouses. In this preliminary investigation, 17 male police officers and their nonpolice wives completed daily stress diaries for 1 week and then participated in a laboratory-based discussion about their respective days. Conversations were video-recorded and coded for specific emotional behaviors reflecting hostility and affection, which are strong predictors of marital outcomes. We examined associations between officers’ job stress (per diaries and the Police Stress Survey) and couples’ emotional behavior (mean levels and behavioral synchrony) using a dyadic repeated measures design capitalizing on the large number of observations available for each couple (1020 observations). When officers reported more job stress, they showed less hostility, less synchrony with their wives’ hostility, and more synchrony with their wives’ affection; their wives showed greater synchrony with officers’ hostility and less synchrony with officers’ affection. Therefore, for officers, greater job stress was associated with less behavioral negativity, potentially less attunement to wives’ negativity, but potentially greater attunement to wives’ affection—perhaps a compensatory strategy or attempt to buffer their marriage from stress. These attempts may be less effective, however, if, as our synchrony findings may suggest, wives are focusing on officers’ hostility rather than affection. Although it will be important to replicate these results given the small sample, our findings reveal that patterns of behavioral synchrony may be a key means to better understand how job stress exacts a toll on police marriages.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

“…Law enforcement is physically and emotionally exhausting (Maslach & Jackson, ; Senjo & Dhungana, ). It requires “emotion management”—suppressing personal feelings and expressing emotions not actually felt—even among fellow officers (Pogrebin & Poole, , ; Schaible & Gecas, ; Tracy, ). Similarly, officers may hide their true feelings at home.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Job Stress and Dyadic Synchrony in Police Marriages: A Preliminary Investigation

et al. 2012

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“…Stress, feelings of inauthenticity, and decreased job satisfaction arise because the officers experience emotional dissonance or a misalignment of their true feelings with respect to their display of emotions. Negative outcomes are more likely to occur during deep acting than during surface acting because the feelings of emotional dissonance are believed to be much stronger in deep acting (Grandey, 2003;Schaible & Gecas, 2010). Understanding the negative outcomes of emotional labor is important because the results from this study suggest that female officers are more likely to use caring or feelings as a strategy of interaction, whereas male officers are more likely to use behavior.…”

Section: Performance and Emotional Labormentioning

confidence: 84%

Gender Differences in Policing

Schuck

2014

Feminist Criminology

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The purpose of this article was to examine emotional labor skills and the acculturation of extreme masculine values as two pathways by which gender may influence the behavior of officers in the field. The results indicated that female officers were less likely than male officers to assimilate hypermasculine beliefs into their identity. Lower levels of hypermasculinity were related to an officer's perceptions of less negative behavior by citizens and fewer complaints. In addition, the findings suggest that female officers are more likely to use caring strategies, such as empathy, whereas males are more likely to use cognitive behavioral strategies. Keywordspolicing, quantitative research, women in policing, police use of force, gender differences Generally, women are believed to be more people focused, socially skilled, and emotionally sensitive than men and more likely to engage in caring behavior. Women are thought to prefer a more democratic and participative style of leadership and to influence the workplace climate, such that empathy, fairness, and equity become prominent. Changes in policing, such as community policing and problem-oriented policing, combined with a renewed emphasis on practices rooted in procedural justice theory require officers to possess new sets of interpersonal decision-making skills (see Mastrofski,

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“…A second study of Dutch police officers (Taris et al, 2010) found that higher job demand and lower feelings of professional efficacy lead to higher emotional exhaustion. In their sample of US police officers, Schaible and Gecas (2010) surprisingly found that surface acting was not related to emotional exhaustion.…”

Section: Relationships Of Health and Job Satisfaction To Exhaustionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Testing the impact of emotional labor on work exhaustion for three distinct emergency medical service (EMS) samples

2012

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2012),"Testing the impact of emotional labor on work exhaustion for three distinct emergency medical service (EMS) samples", Career Development International, Vol. 17 Iss 7 pp. 626 -645 Permanent link to this document: http://dx.If you would like to write for this, or any other Emerald publication, then please use our Emerald for Authors service information about how to choose which publication to write for and submission guidelines are available for all. Please visit www.emeraldinsight.com/authors for more information. About Emerald www.emeraldinsight.comEmerald is a global publisher linking research and practice to the benefit of society. The company manages a portfolio of more than 290 journals and over 2,350 books and book series volumes, as well as providing an extensive range of online products and additional customer resources and services.Emerald is both COUNTER 4 and TRANSFER compliant. The organization is a partner of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) and also works with Portico and the LOCKSS initiative for digital archive preservation. AbstractPurpose -This paper's aim is to study a neglected relationship: testing the impact of emotional labor on the work exhaustion for samples of emergency medical service (EMS) professionals. Design/methodology/approach -Three distinct samples of EMS professionals, i.e. emergency medical technician (EMT) -basic, EMT -intermediate, and paramedic, were surveyed to test the impact of three variable sets, personal (e.g. gender, age, health), work-related (e.g. years of service, job satisfaction), and emotional labor (i.e. surface acting, deep acting) on work exhaustion. Findings -Results across the three samples consistently showed that surface acting had a significantly stronger positive impact than deep acting on work exhaustion. In addition it was found that surface acting had a significantly stronger negative relationship to job satisfaction than deep acting. Surface acting also had a significant negative relationship to perceived health. Years of service were positively related to work exhaustion across all samples, while job satisfaction was negatively related. Practical implications -Work exhaustion is an occupational risk for EMS professionals. Individuals considering EMS as a career must have realistic expectations and information about the rewards as well as challenges facing them. To help buffer the impact of emotional labor on work exhaustion and related outcomes, EMS stakeholders should consider facilitating mentor and/or peer support group programs to enhance the development of stronger camaraderie in different EMS-based organizations (e.g. hospitals, fire services). Originality/value -Prior research has not tested for the impact of emotional labor on work exhaustion for EMS professionals. Even after controlling for personal and work-related variables, surface acting maintained a stronger positive impact than deep acting on work exhaustion. Key demographics for each of the three samples (type of work, community size, gender) indicate representative...

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The Impact of Emotional Labor and Value Dissonance on Burnout Among Police Officers

Cited by 125 publications

References 55 publications

Job Stress and Dyadic Synchrony in Police Marriages: A Preliminary Investigation

Job Stress and Dyadic Synchrony in Police Marriages: A Preliminary Investigation

Gender Differences in Policing

Testing the impact of emotional labor on work exhaustion for three distinct emergency medical service (EMS) samples

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