The Impact of Energetic Particle Precipitation on Mesospheric OH – Variability of the Sources and the Background Atmosphere

Zawedde, Annet Eva; Tyssøy, Hilde Nesse; Stadsnes, J.; Sandanger, Marit Irene

doi:10.1029/2017ja025038

Cited by 13 publications

(17 citation statements)

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“…High temperatures imply reduced production of O 3 based on photochemistry. Zawedde et al () show that SPEs contribute approximately 13% to the OH variability at 75 km within geomagnetic latitudes 55°–70°N (auroral zone) for years 2005 to 2009. In the same Figures and , there is no clear one‐to‐one relation between the EEP‐induced OH and the O 3 reduction as reduction seems to be in phase with the regions rich in H 2 O, more evident in Figure .…”

Section: When and Where Is Eep Important For The Tertiary O3 Maximum?mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With the availability of OH and O 3 observations from Aura microwave limb sounder (MLS), several studies have confirmed the SPE-HO X link to mesospheric O 3 depletion (e.g., Damiani et al, 2008;Seppälä et al, 2006;Sofieva et al, 2009;Verkhoglyadova et al, 2015Verkhoglyadova et al, , 2016. With the Aura MLS, a number of studies have also confirmed the importance of EEP on OH (e.g., Andersson et al, 2012Andersson et al, , 2014bVerronen et al, 2011;Zawedde et al, 2016Zawedde et al, , 2018. The impact of EEP on O 3 is, however, typically investigated without simultaneous OH measurements.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Are EEP Events Important for the Tertiary Ozone Maximum?

et al. 2019

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Energetic particle precipitation (EPP) increases the production of odd hydrogen (HOX) species in the mesosphere, which catalytically destroy ozone (O3) in sunlight. Hence, the EPP‐HOX impact on the tertiary O3 maximum (TOM) depends on a complex geometry of a geographic‐oriented TOM, geomagnetic‐oriented auroral zone, producing short‐lived HOX species, and a destruction process depending on the solar zenith angle (SZA). Particle observations from the Medium Energy Proton and Electron Detectors telescopes aboard the Polar Orbiting Environmental Satellites, and hydroxyl (OH) and O3 mixing ratios from Aura microwave limb sounder (MLS) are used to investigate the potential limitations of using the MLS observations to study EPP‐OH impact on the TOM in the Northern Hemisphere. Our results show limited overlap between the auroral zone and the TOM at twilight conditions. A composite analysis indicates O3 mixing ratio decrease over the auroral zone lagged by ∼1 day compared to the maximum energetic electron precipitation (EEP)‐OH impact. Hence, MLS is predominantly observing a lagged and lower estimate of the response of O3 to EEP‐OH at SZA > 95°. The EEP impact region within the TOM is smaller than the overlap region, strongly modulated by the background atmospheric dynamics. The results, although limited by the satellites viewing conditions, imply that the importance of EEP upon O3 mixing ratio is strongly influenced by the background atmosphere, both in terms of chemistry and dynamics. Multisatellite observations at different solar local times are required to separate the direct from the lagged EEP‐OH impact on O3.

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Section: When and Where Is Eep Important For The Tertiary O3 Maximum?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Are EEP Events Important for the Tertiary Ozone Maximum?

et al. 2019

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“…In contrast, near-infrared D. A. Newnham et al: Simulation study for ground-based Ku-band microwave observations 1377 and visible airglow emissions in the X 2 ro-vibrational Meinel system are due to deactivation of vibrationally excited OH * (v = 7 to v = 9) generated by the highly exothermic reaction of atomic hydrogen with O 3 . Satellite measurements of Meinel band nightglow have shown that OH * occurs in a ∼ 8 km thick layer near 90 km (Zhang and Shepherd, 1999). Ground-based spectroscopic measurements of individual OH vibrational bands in the Meinel emissions can be used to infer temperatures at the mesopause region and estimate relative populations of the v states (e.g.…”

Section: Previous Mesospheric Ozone and Hydroxyl Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulation study for ground-based Ku-band microwave observations of ozone and hydroxyl in the polar middle atmosphere

et al. 2019

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Abstract. The Ku-band microwave frequencies (10.70–14.25 GHz) overlap emissions from ozone (O3) at 11.072 GHz and hydroxyl radical (OH) at 13.441 GHz. These important chemical species in the polar middle atmosphere respond strongly to high-latitude geomagnetic activity associated with space weather. Atmospheric model calculations predict that energetic electron precipitation (EEP) driven by magnetospheric substorms produces large changes in polar mesospheric O3 and OH. The EEP typically peaks at geomagnetic latitudes of ∼65∘ and evolves rapidly with time longitudinally and over the geomagnetic latitude range 60–80∘. Previous atmospheric modelling studies have shown that during substorms OH abundance can increase by more than an order of magnitude at 64–84 km and mesospheric O3 losses can exceed 50 %. In this work, an atmospheric simulation and retrieval study has been performed to determine the requirements for passive microwave radiometers capable of measuring diurnal variations in O3 and OH profiles from high-latitude Northern Hemisphere and Antarctic locations to verify model predictions. We show that, for a 11.072 GHz radiometer making 6 h spectral measurements with 10 kHz frequency resolution and root-mean-square baseline noise of 1 mK, O3 could be profiled over 8×10-4–0.22 hPa (∼98–58 km) with 10–17 km height resolution and ∼1 ppmv uncertainty. For the equivalent 13.441 GHz measurements with vertical sensor polarisation, OH could be profiled over 3×10-3–0.29 hPa (∼90–56 km) with 10–17 km height resolution and ∼3 ppbv uncertainty. The proposed observations would be highly applicable to studies of EEP, atmospheric dynamics, planetary-scale circulation, chemical transport, and the representation of these processes in polar and global climate models. Such observations would provide a relatively low-cost alternative to increasingly sparse satellite measurements of the polar middle atmosphere, extending long-term data records and also providing “ground truth” calibration data.

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“…In contrast, near-infrared and visible airglow emissions in the X 2 ro-vibrational Meinel system are due to deactivation of vibrationally excited OH * (v = 7 to v = 9) generated by the highly exothermic reaction of atomic hydrogen with O 3 . Satellite measurements of Meinel band nightglow have shown that OH * occurs in a ∼ 8 km thick layer near 90 km (Zhang and Shepherd, 1999). Ground-based spectroscopic measurements of individual OH vibrational bands in the Meinel emissions can be used to infer temperatures at the mesopause region and estimate relative populations of the v states (e.g.…”

Section: Previous Mesospheric Ozone and Hydroxyl Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Author comments on RC1: 'Simulation study', Anonymous Referee #2, 30 Nov 2018

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2019

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The Ku-band microwave frequencies (10.70-14.25 GHz) overlap emissions from ozone (O 3 ) at 11.072 GHz and hydroxyl radical (OH) at 13.441 GHz. These important chemical species in the polar middle atmosphere respond strongly to high-latitude geomagnetic activity associated with space weather. Atmospheric model calculations predict that energetic electron precipitation (EEP) driven by magnetospheric substorms produces large changes in polar mesospheric O 3 and OH. The EEP typically peaks at geomagnetic latitudes of ∼ 65 • and evolves rapidly with time longitudinally and over the geomagnetic latitude range 60-80 • . Previous atmospheric modelling studies have shown that during substorms OH abundance can increase by more than an order of magnitude at 64-84 km and mesospheric O 3 losses can exceed 50 %. In this work, an atmospheric simulation and retrieval study has been performed to determine the requirements for passive microwave radiometers capable of measuring diurnal variations in O 3 and OH profiles from high-latitude Northern Hemisphere and Antarctic locations to verify model predictions. We show that, for a 11.072 GHz radiometer making 6 h spectral measurements with 10 kHz frequency resolution and rootmean-square baseline noise of 1 mK, O 3 could be profiled over 8 × 10 −4 -0.22 hPa (∼ 98-58 km) with 10-17 km height resolution and ∼ 1 ppmv uncertainty. For the equivalent 13.441 GHz measurements with vertical sensor polarisation, OH could be profiled over 3 × 10 −3 -0.29 hPa (∼ 90-56 km) with 10-17 km height resolution and ∼ 3 ppbv uncertainty. The proposed observations would be highly applicable to studies of EEP, atmospheric dynamics, planetary-scale circulation, chemical transport, and the representation of these processes in polar and global climate models. Such observations would provide a relatively low-cost alternative to increasingly sparse satellite measurements of the polar middle atmosphere, extending long-term data records and also providing "ground truth" calibration data.

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The Impact of Energetic Particle Precipitation on Mesospheric OH – Variability of the Sources and the Background Atmosphere

Cited by 13 publications

References 53 publications

Are EEP Events Important for the Tertiary Ozone Maximum?

Are EEP Events Important for the Tertiary Ozone Maximum?

Simulation study for ground-based Ku-band microwave observations of ozone and hydroxyl in the polar middle atmosphere

Author comments on RC1: 'Simulation study', Anonymous Referee #2, 30 Nov 2018

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