The Impact of Environmental, Social, And Economic Factors Due to Anak Krakatau Volcano Tsunami Using Remote Sensing Technology

Abstract

Tsunamis often occur in the territory of Indonesia because it is widely traversed by encounters between earth plates under the sea. Thus, if an earthquake occurs, it has the potential to generate a tsunami. The Indonesian region is also located in the ring of the fire area, and is the country with the highest number of active volcanoes with more than 127 events, that can encourage volcanic earthquakes. In addition, when volcanoes erupt offshore, the potential for a tsunami will be even greater because the expulsion of material can generate landslides toward the sea, causing a tsunami. The tsunami that happened in the eruption of Anak Krakatau on December 22, 2018, in the Sunda Strait, resulted in a tsunami in the Lampung and Banten areas. This study tries to compare environmental, social, and economic factors before and after the tsunami in the coastal areas of Lampung and Banten. The integration of remote sensing data will be carried out to determine environmental, social, and economic factors such as Land Cover, NDWI, NDVI, Night Light, and NO2 data. Random Forest Machine Learning will also be involved in shaping land cover models. Random Forest is often used because it has high accuracy. The results show a significant change in land cover in coastal areas and the impact of environmental, social, and economic factors. This study is expected to support the mitigation process in the event of a tsunami in the future. In addition, it is expected to be used by policymakers in planning development after the tsunami disaster.