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The authors showed that the short fiber of oilseed flax was usually obtained from a tangled mass of broken stems. However, recently, the question of the processing possibility of the culture whole stems left after harvesting into long fiber was raised. (Research purpose) To study the possibility of obtaining long fiber from oil flax stems on various technological equipment with the substantiation of the fiber characteristics. (Materials and methods) Whole oil flax stems of various qualities of six different varieties were taken. The samples were processed on an SMT-500 machine and in an ALS-1 crumpling and scutching machine, after which the quality parameters of the long fiber were determined. (Results and discussion) The authors found that most of the quality indicators of oil flax trusts corresponded to the fiber flax trusts characteristics, but the fiber strength had unacceptably low values. The number of flax stems from oil flax did not exceed 0.5, and the yield of long fiber varied from 0.4 to 11 percent, which was much lower than from fiber flax, so the fiber bulk fell into waste. It was determined that on the SMT-500 machine it was impossible to obtain a long fiber of even the lowest number due to the small value of the gristle length, and after the ALS-1 machine, the number of the long fiber was not higher than 8. During the analysis of individual characteristics of the long fiber from oilseed flax, it was determined that oil flax fiber was thicker, less strong and flexible in comparison with fiber flax. (Conclusions) The authors proved that long fiber could be obtained from flax whole stems, but of poor quality. They determined that up to 67 percent of flax varieties could be processed into long fiber. Of the flax types considered, oilseed flax seeds revealed the best quality-grade LM-98 and the worst – Biryuza and Rucheek.
The authors showed that the short fiber of oilseed flax was usually obtained from a tangled mass of broken stems. However, recently, the question of the processing possibility of the culture whole stems left after harvesting into long fiber was raised. (Research purpose) To study the possibility of obtaining long fiber from oil flax stems on various technological equipment with the substantiation of the fiber characteristics. (Materials and methods) Whole oil flax stems of various qualities of six different varieties were taken. The samples were processed on an SMT-500 machine and in an ALS-1 crumpling and scutching machine, after which the quality parameters of the long fiber were determined. (Results and discussion) The authors found that most of the quality indicators of oil flax trusts corresponded to the fiber flax trusts characteristics, but the fiber strength had unacceptably low values. The number of flax stems from oil flax did not exceed 0.5, and the yield of long fiber varied from 0.4 to 11 percent, which was much lower than from fiber flax, so the fiber bulk fell into waste. It was determined that on the SMT-500 machine it was impossible to obtain a long fiber of even the lowest number due to the small value of the gristle length, and after the ALS-1 machine, the number of the long fiber was not higher than 8. During the analysis of individual characteristics of the long fiber from oilseed flax, it was determined that oil flax fiber was thicker, less strong and flexible in comparison with fiber flax. (Conclusions) The authors proved that long fiber could be obtained from flax whole stems, but of poor quality. They determined that up to 67 percent of flax varieties could be processed into long fiber. Of the flax types considered, oilseed flax seeds revealed the best quality-grade LM-98 and the worst – Biryuza and Rucheek.
Научно-технологическое и экономическое обоснование формирования системы машин для переработки льна РЕЗЮМЕ Актуальность. Основными проблемами предприятий первичной переработки льна являются крайне низкая их обеспеченность современным оборудованием и недостаток квалифицированных кадров инженерно-технических специалистов. Вследствие этого на льнозаводах нарушаются технологические режимы переработки, допускаются значительные потери льноволокна, снижается его качество. Так, выход наиболее ценного длинного волокна составляет менее 4% при нормативе 10,5%, номер длинного и короткого волокна на один номер ниже нормы. Доля выработанного длинного льноволокна, стоимость которого в 3,5-4 раза выше короткого, не превышает 13%. В странах Западной Европы этот показатель достигает 60-70%. В этой связи особенно актуально встает вопрос о предложении нового научно-технологического и экономического обоснования формирования системы машин для переработки льна. Целью исследования является формирование системы машин и оборудования по переработке льна с учетом перспективных направлений хозяйственного использования льнопродукции на период до 2030 года, обеспечение повышения производительности и рентабельности производства не менее чем на 50%. Методы. В статье представлен анализ применяемых на льнозаводах технологий и оборудования для переработки льна. На основании исследований предложены инновационные технические решения и система перспективных машин для интенсивных технологий переработки льна, выполнены технико-экономические расчеты эффективности производства льнопродукции. Результаты. Внедрение предложенного нами в работе комплекса современных машин на льнозаводах с учетом направлений хозяйственного использования льнопродукции позволяет увеличить производство длинного льноволокна в 3 раза, качество на один сортономер и соответственно доход от реализации -в 2,5 раза. Предложенные в статье технологии, системы машин и оборудования по переработке льна имеют высокую производительность, энергоэкономичность, универсальность, а также дифференциальность, которая обеспечивает единство, комплексность, непрерывность, поточность и рациональность с учетом условий переработки льна и направлений хозяйственного использования льнопродукции. Scientific, technological and economic justification of the machine system formation for flax processing ABSTRACTRelevance. The main problems of primary flax processing enterprises are their extremely low availability of modern equipment and a lack of qualified engineering and technical specialists. As a result, the technological regimes of processing are violated at the flax factories, significant losses of flax fiber are allowed, and its quality decreases. Thus, the yield of the most valuable long fiber is less than 4%, while the standard is 10.5%, the number of long and short fibers is one number lower than the norm. The share of produced long fiber flax, the cost of which is 3.5-4 times higher than short, does not exceed 13%. In Western Europe, this figure reaches 60-70%. In this regard, the question of proposing a...
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