2009
DOI: 10.1007/s11199-009-9723-4
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The Impact of Gender Expectations on Meanings of Sex and Sexuality: Results from a Cognitive Interview Study

Abstract: This study uses cognitive interviewing to examine individuals' interpretations of sexuality-related questions and meanings of sex and sexuality. The sample includes 20 adults (12 women and 8 men) who were randomly selected university staff in the Midwestern United States. Using a sexual script and symbolic interactionist framework, we identify two themes in individuals' understandings of sex and sexuality: (1) people's talk about sexuality at the cultural level typically corresponds to traditional gender arran… Show more

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Cited by 69 publications
(37 citation statements)
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“…The results from this article point to own sexuality having two principal components in both white and black women: the woman's sense of her own sexual attractiveness, and her level of sexual interest. In a subsequent small qualitative study (McCabe, Tanner, & Heiman, 2010) women were presented with the same question about own sexuality as used in this study and were then asked what they thought the question was getting at and what they thought people would think about when answering it. Some of these women focused on sexual desire; others focused on sexual attraction.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The results from this article point to own sexuality having two principal components in both white and black women: the woman's sense of her own sexual attractiveness, and her level of sexual interest. In a subsequent small qualitative study (McCabe, Tanner, & Heiman, 2010) women were presented with the same question about own sexuality as used in this study and were then asked what they thought the question was getting at and what they thought people would think about when answering it. Some of these women focused on sexual desire; others focused on sexual attraction.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The coital imperative constructs penis-in-vagina penetration (coitus; Myerson, Crawley, Anstey, Kessler & Okopny, 2007) as 'real' sex, the quintessential form of (hetero)sex, with male ejaculation inside the vagina marking the end of 'sex' (Jackson, 1984;McPhillips, Braun, & Gavey, 2001). Coitus tends to override other sexual practices, when people are asked what constitutes 'sex' (Sanders & Reinisch, 1999), although there is much variation in individual understandings of what counts as 'sex' (e.g., McCabe, Tanner & Heiman, 2010). The orgasm imperative extends the coital imperative (McPhillips et al, 2001) to construct orgasm as the gold-standard of sexual enjoyment, the goal -and end -of sex; something all individuals should try to achieve (Béjin, 1986;Potts, 2000).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Grounded in both individual and social activities, sensemaking "involves turning circumstances into a situation that is comprehended explicitly in words and that serves as a springboard into action" (Weick, Sutcliffe, & Obstfeld, 2005: p. 409). Sensemaking occurs within a larger societal frame, and incorporating gender role theories-like those established by Eagly (1987) and Bem (1981)-would prove invaluable to understanding how individuals negotiate societal expectations and personal preferences (McCabe et al, 2010). Specific research projects that explore how individuals make sense of multiple, sometimes competing, memorable experiences about sex appear as potentially insightful and heuristically rich.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%