The Impact of Geographic and Cultural Dispersion on Information Opacity

Cashman, George D.; Harrison, David M.; Seiler, Michael J.; Sheng, Hainan

doi:10.1007/s11146-017-9607-2

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…More specifically, our finding on the factors driving CSR in pharmaceutical companies is consistent with the study by Droppert and Bennett (2015), in which reputation benefits and long-term financial returns are the most encouraging factors [21]. As far as the differences found regarding the encouraging and discouraging factors for CSR in the medical equipment and biotechnology companies, this may be due to variations related to their size, field of operation, high competition and decision-making process [10,20,[51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Factors Affecting the Implementation of Corporate Social Responsibility in the Health Technology Industry in Greece

Liopa¹,

Geitona²,

Latsou³

2023

Cureus

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Background: Corporate social responsibility (CSR) is an evolving business strategy worldwide, focusing on the sustainability of the enterprise and the provision of multiple benefits to the societies and economies. Objective: The aim of this paper was to explore the encouraging and deterrent factors for the implementation of CSR actions in companies specializing in pharmaceutical and biomedical products as well as in medical equipment in Greece. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted (April to June 2021) in member-companies of the Hellenic Association of Pharmaceutical Companies, the Panhellenic Association of Pharmaceutical Industry and the Association of Health-Research and Biotechnology Industry. Data collection was carried out via an anonymous, self-administered questionnaire. Descriptive and inferential statistical analyses were performed, using SPSS version 25 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA). The significance level was set at p≤0.05. Results: One hundred twelve questionnaires were distributed, out of which 87 were returned (response rate 77.7%). 81.1% of companies included CSR in their annual strategy, while only 32.4% of them follow the Global Reporting Initiative standards. The majority (62.2%) disposes ≤€100.000 from their annual turnover for CSR actions. The contribution to society and the ethical commitment of the enterprise are stated as the main encouraging factors for CSR, while bureaucracy and the lack of incentives as deterrents. Pharmaceutical companies reported social acceptance as the major CSR enabler compared to other companies (p=0.034), while companies specializing only in medical equipment/biotechnology mentioned industry competition (p=0.003). Bureaucracy has been revealed as the major disincentive for all participating companies. Corporate advertising is found as an important encouraging factor for the adoption of CSR for the international companies compared to the national ones (p=0.023). Moreover, 97.3% stated that the government should reward socially responsible companies by increasing financial incentives. Conclusion: The health technology industry in Greece implements CSR actions. The company's contribution to society and its ethical commitment are important encouraging factors for CSR, while bureaucracy and lack of government incentives are the main deterrents. The reward of socially sensitive companies by the government would provide significant entrepreneurial and societal benefits, supporting the overall Greek economy.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Factors Affecting the Implementation of Corporate Social Responsibility in the Health Technology Industry in Greece

Liopa¹,

Geitona²,

Latsou³

2023

Cureus

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“…Also, studies conducted in the USA, Korea, Spain, and India [12] [32] [33] [34] showed that companies made donations of medicinal and protective products during the pandemic and implemented targeted CSR policies, mainly focused on the reinforcement of public health awareness and the stable relationships with stakeholders in order to address the COVID-19 effects and respond to the existing societal needs. Furthermore, several studies have reported that parent-subsidiary companies and geographic distance are factors related with barriers to the CSR performance [35] [36] [37]. Thus, our finding that national companies are more flexible in CSR decision making than the multinational ones, constitutes another similarity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 52%

Corporate Social Responsibility in Health Technology Industry Prior and during the Covid-19 Pandemic, in Greece

Liopa¹,

Latsou²,

Geitona³

2022

Health

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Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) activities have been revealed as an emerging managerial tool and research field. The socioeconomic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic has prompted several companies to take on CSR initiatives. The objective of this study was to investigate CSR initiatives implemented in companies specializing in pharmaceutical and biomedical products as well as medical equipment, prior and during the COVID-19 pandemic. A cross-sectional study was conducted in companies of the Hellenic Association of Pharmaceutical Companies (SFEE), the Panhellenic Association of Pharmaceutical Industry (PEF) and the Association of Health-Research and Biotechnology Industry (SEIV). A self-administered questionnaire was distributed to a total of 112 companies. Descriptive and multivariate statistical analyses were performed using SPSS 25.0. Levels of significance were two-tailed and statistical significance was set at p = 0.05. The final sample consisted of 74 companies with a response rate of 77.7%. Among them 62.2% were multinational and 37.8% national companies. Some companies provided pharmaceuticals (40.5%), medical equipment and biotechnology products (32.4%) and others were specializing in both categories (27.1%). A percentage equal to 89.2% stated that they implemented CSR activities, out of which 75.7% carried out COVID-19 related initiatives, such as in public health (37.7%), societal issues (27.2%), environment (19.9%), etc. Approximately 50% increased their CSR activities during the pandemic. Moreover, the majority of companies devoted ≤30% of their total CSR budget against the pandemic. The higher a company's turnover, the higher CSR activities performance. Pharmaceutical and biomedical companies in Greece implemented CSR actions, prior and during the pandemic. Companies contributed to handle the effects of health crisis through CSR Covid-19 related activities, which differentiated according to How to cite this paper:

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“…In this paper, we apply the commonly adopted metrics—the Hofstede’s six culture dimensions—to quantify the difference in cultural aspects between countries. The Hofstede’s six culture dimensions are comprised of the power ( PO ), the uncertainty avoidance ( UA ), the individualism/collectivism ( IC ), the masculinity/felinity ( MF ), the long-term orientation ( LT ), and the indulgence/restraint ( IR ) (Cashman et al, 2019 ; S. (Sam) Huang & Crotts, 2019; Jiang et al, 2018 ). In this paper, we use the absolute difference of the cultural indicators to quantify the cultural difference between countries.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Internationalizing AI: evolution and impact of distance factors

Tang

2022

Scientometrics

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International collaboration has become imperative in the field of AI. However, few studies exist concerning how distance factors have affected the international collaboration in AI research. In this study, we investigate this problem by using 1,294,644 AI related collaborative papers harvested from the Microsoft Academic Graph dataset. A framework including 13 indicators to quantify the distance factors between countries from 5 perspectives (i.e., geographic distance, economic distance, cultural distance, academic distance, and industrial distance) is proposed. The relationships were conducted by the methods of descriptive analysis and regression analysis. The results show that international collaboration in the field of AI today is not prevalent (only 15.7%). All the separations in international collaborations have increased over years, except for the cultural distance in masculinity/felinity dimension and the industrial distance. The geographic distance, economic distance and academic distances have shown significantly negative relationships with the degree of international collaborations in the field of AI. The industrial distance has a significant positive relationship with the degree of international collaboration in the field of AI. Also, the results demonstrate that the participation of the United States and China have promoted the international collaboration in the field of AI. This study provides a comprehensive understanding of internationalizing AI research in geographic, economic, cultural, academic, and industrial aspects. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11192-021-04207-3.

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The Impact of Geographic and Cultural Dispersion on Information Opacity

Cited by 5 publications

References 66 publications

Factors Affecting the Implementation of Corporate Social Responsibility in the Health Technology Industry in Greece

Factors Affecting the Implementation of Corporate Social Responsibility in the Health Technology Industry in Greece

Corporate Social Responsibility in Health Technology Industry Prior and during the Covid-19 Pandemic, in Greece

Internationalizing AI: evolution and impact of distance factors

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