We assessed how the temperature response of leaf day respiration (R d ) in wheat responded to contrasting water regimes and growth temperatures. In Experiment 1, well-watered and drought-stressed conditions were imposed on two genotypes; in Experiment 2, the two water regimes combined with high (HT), medium (MT) and low (LT) growth temperatures were imposed on one of the genotypes. R d was estimated from simultaneous gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence measurements at six leaf temperatures (T leaf ) for each treatment, using the Yin method for nonphotorespiratory conditions and the nonrectangular hyperbolic fitting method for photorespiratory conditions. The two genotypes responded similarly to growth and measurement conditions.Estimates of R d for nonphotorespiratory conditions were generally higher than those for photorespiratory conditions, but their responses to T leaf were similar.Under well-watered conditions, R d and its sensitivity to T leaf slightly acclimated to LT, but did not acclimate to HT. Temperature sensitivities of R d were considerably suppressed by drought, and the suppression varied among growth temperatures. Thus, it is necessary to quantify interactions between drought and growth temperature for reliably modelling R d under climate change. Our study also demonstrated that the Kok method, one of the currently popular methods for estimating R d , underestimated R d significantly.