The Impact of H.264 Non-Desynchronizing Bits on Visual Quality and its Application to Robust Video Decoding

Golaghazadeh, Firouzeh; Coulombe, Stéphane; Coudoux, François-Xavier; Corlay, Patrick

doi:10.1109/icspcs.2018.8631785

Cited by 6 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The proposed scheme can help protect video content both against unauthorized access and transmission errors while maintaining the video quality similar to that of the original video. Table 5 is a PNSR-based quantitative comparison of the proposed scheme with: stateof-the-art error correction by STBMA [67]; frame copy concealment by JM (JM-FC) [68]; and other recently proposed approaches [69]. Detailed results (see Table 5 column 6) show that the proposed scheme outperformed other techniques over all test videos.…”

Section: Comparative Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

VQProtect: Lightweight Visual Quality Protection for Error-Prone Selectively Encrypted Video Streaming

Gillani

Asghar

Shifa

et al. 2022

Entropy

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Mobile multimedia communication requires considerable resources such as bandwidth and efficiency to support Quality-of-Service (QoS) and user Quality-of-Experience (QoE). To increase the available bandwidth, 5G network designers have incorporated Cognitive Radio (CR), which can adjust communication parameters according to the needs of an application. The transmission errors occur in wireless networks, which, without remedial action, will result in degraded video quality. Secure transmission is also a challenge for such channels. Therefore, this paper’s innovative scheme “VQProtect” focuses on the visual quality protection of compressed videos by detecting and correcting channel errors while at the same time maintaining video end-to-end confidentiality so that the content remains unwatchable. For the purpose, a two-round secure process is implemented on selected syntax elements of the compressed H.264/AVC bitstreams. To uphold the visual quality of data affected by channel errors, a computationally efficient Forward Error Correction (FEC) method using Random Linear Block coding (with complexity of O(k(n−1)) is implemented to correct the erroneous data bits, effectively eliminating the need for retransmission. Errors affecting an average of 7–10% of the video data bits were simulated with the Gilbert–Elliot model when experimental results demonstrated that 90% of the resulting channel errors were observed to be recoverable by correctly inferring the values of erroneous bits. The proposed solution’s effectiveness over selectively encrypted and error-prone video has been validated through a range of Video Quality Assessment (VQA) metrics.

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Section: Comparative Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

VQProtect: Lightweight Visual Quality Protection for Error-Prone Selectively Encrypted Video Streaming

Gillani

Asghar

Shifa

et al. 2022

Entropy

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“…An error correction method may correct the packet if a single candidate is returned by Algorithm 1 or if one of them passes additional validations such as a UDP or TCP checksum [25], [26]. The proposed single error correction approach differs from the state-of-the-art lookup table approaches as it considers the whole set of possible syndromes that can occur, regardless of the packet length.…”

Section: A Single Error Correctionmentioning

confidence: 99%

CRC-Based Correction of Multiple Errors Using an Optimized Lookup Table

et al. 2022

Self Cite

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In this paper, we propose a new approach to perform multiple error correction in wireless communications over error-prone networks. It is based on the cyclic redundancy check syndrome, using an optimized lookup table that avoids performing arithmetic operations. This method is able to achieve the same correction performance as the state-of-the-art approaches while significantly reducing the computational complexity. The table is designed to allow multiple bit error correction simply by navigating within it. Its size is constant when considering more than two errors, which represents a tremendous advantage over earlier lookup tablebased approaches. Simulation results of a C implementation performed on a Raspberry Pi 4 show that the proposed method is able to process single and double error corrections of large payloads in 100 ns and 642 µs, respectively, while it would take 300 µs and 1.5 s, respectively, with the state-of-the-art CRC multiple error correction technique. This represents a speedup of nearly 3000× × × for single error and 2300× × × for double error correction, respectively. Compared to table-based approaches, the proposed method offers a speedup of nearly 1200× × × for single error and 2300× × × for double error correction under the same conditions. We also show that when multiple candidate error patterns are present, numerous errors can be corrected by adding a checksum cross-validation step.

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“…For the H.264 Baseline, which uses context-adaptive variable-length coding (CAVLC), an average of 3.40 candidates per corrupted packet can be decoded. In fact, with CAVLC, the bitstream contains a significant part of non-desynchronizing bits (NDBs) [19], which are bits that can be flipped without causing the decoder to crash. These bits represent about 30% of an H.264 Baseline encoded packet.…”

Section: B Impact Of the Video Codecmentioning

confidence: 99%

CRC-Based Multi-Error Correction of H.265 Encoded Videos in Wireless Communications

Boussard

Coulombe

Coudoux

et al. 2021

2021 International Conference on Visual Communications and Image Processing (VCIP)

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This paper analyzes the benefits of extending CRCbased error correction (CRC-EC) to handle more errors in the context of error-prone wireless networks. In the literature, CRC-EC has been used to correct up to 3 binary errors per packet. We first present a theoretical analysis of the CRC-EC candidate list while increasing the number of errors considered. We then analyze the candidate list reduction resulting from subsequent checksum validation and video decoding steps. Simulations conducted on two wireless networks show that the network considered has a huge impact on CRC-EC performance. Over a Bluetooth low energy (BLE) channel with Eb/No=8 dB, an average PSNR improvement of 4.4 dB on videos is achieved when CRC-EC corrects up to 5, rather than 3 errors per packet.

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The Impact of H.264 Non-Desynchronizing Bits on Visual Quality and its Application to Robust Video Decoding

Cited by 6 publications

References 20 publications

VQProtect: Lightweight Visual Quality Protection for Error-Prone Selectively Encrypted Video Streaming

VQProtect: Lightweight Visual Quality Protection for Error-Prone Selectively Encrypted Video Streaming

CRC-Based Correction of Multiple Errors Using an Optimized Lookup Table

CRC-Based Multi-Error Correction of H.265 Encoded Videos in Wireless Communications

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