The impact of health education to promote cloth filters on dracunculiasis prevalence in the Northern Region, Ghana

Tayeh, Ahmed; Cairncross, Sandy; Maude, G. H.

doi:10.1016/0277-9536(95)00383-5

Cited by 23 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Tayeh et al (1996) found that they were not completely effective in protecting households from Guinea worm infection, not because of any deficiency in the cloth but because they were not always used. Table 3 shows the degree of clustering of cases in households which bought no filter, which bought less than one for every ten members, and which bought at least one for every ten members.…”

Section: Guinea Worm In Ghanamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The cloth filters prevented transmission in the domestic domain, but did not prevent public domain transmission. Some Guinea worm eradication programmes are now experimenting with a portable 'straw' filter which has a piece of filter cloth fixed over one end, and which one can hang around the neck while travelling or working in the fields (Cairncross et al 1996).…”

Section: Guinea Worm In Ghanamentioning

confidence: 99%

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The public and domestic domains in the transmission of disease

Cairncross

Blumenthal

Kolsky

et al. 1996

Tropical Med Int Health

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173

156

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SummaryThis paper discusses the distinction between the transmission of infectious diseases within the domestic domain (the area normally occupied by and under the control of a household) and that in the public domain, which includes public places of work, schooling, commerce and recreation as well as the streets and fields. Whereas transmission in the public domain can allow a single case to cause a large epidemic, transmission in the domestic domain is less dramatic and often ignored, although it may account for a substantial number of cases. Statistical methods are available to estimate the relative importance of the two. To control transmission in the public domain, intervention by public authorities is likely to be required. Two examples show how environmental interventions for disease control tend to address transmission in one or the other domain; interventions are needed in both domains in order to interrupt transmission. More than 20 years ago, Bradley and colleagues proposed the classification of water-related infections according to their mode of transmission, rather than the type of organism which caused them or their effect on the patient (White et al. 1972). This classification into water-borne, water-washed, water-based and water-related insect vector groups was a new paradigm which has stood the test of time with only a few modifications, and greatly helped to clarify our thinking about how environmental interventions such as water supply improvements affect disease. It has three advantages. First, it was so simple and (in retrospect) obvious that it was hard to argue with it or forget it. Second, it built on existing knowledge, and drew together the conclusions of a number of studies and authors in widely differing environments.Third, it helped to clarify the issues for the practitioner.The one significant improvement, made to the Bradley classification by Richard Feachem (rq77), was to consider it as a classification of transmission routes rather than of diseases, because (as Bradley had recognized) some diseases could be transmitted by more than one route. This helped to redouble the interest in the transmission process, which is the particular concern of those of us who seek to control disease by environmental modification rather than by immunization or the treatment of patients.We propose another division of transmission routes which cuts across the preceding categories and is complementary to that classification. It is not limited to the water related diseases and can apply to all infections. Our division is between transmission occurring within the domestic domain-the 27( j I996 Blackwell Science Ltd

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Section: Guinea Worm In Ghanamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Guinea Worm In Ghanamentioning

confidence: 99%

The public and domestic domains in the transmission of disease

Cairncross

Blumenthal

Kolsky

et al. 1996

Tropical Med Int Health

Self Cite

173

156

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In resource-poor situations, face-to-face communication (social mobilization and house-to-house visits) appeared to have been the most significant strategy for disseminating messages [64]. Behavioural changes have to be brought about in the community to achieve the required impact, which remains a challenge.…”

Section: (E) Health Educationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dracunculiasis (guinea worm disease): eradication without a drug or a vaccine

Biswas

Sankara

Agua-Agum

et al. 2013

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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Dracunculiasis, commonly known as guinea worm disease, is a nematode infection transmitted to humans exclusively via contaminated drinking water. The disease prevails in the most deprived areas of the world. No vaccine or medicine is available against the disease: eradication is being achieved by implementing preventive measures. These include behavioural change in patients and communities—such as self-reporting suspected cases to health workers or volunteers, filtering drinking water and accessing water from improved sources and preventing infected individuals from wading or swimming in drinking-water sources—supplemented by active surveillance and case containment, vector control and provision of improved water sources. Efforts to eradicate dracunculiasis began in the early 1980s. By the end of 2012, the disease had reached its lowest levels ever. This paper reviews the progress made in eradicating dracunculiasis since the eradication campaign began, the factors influencing progress and the difficulties in controlling the pathogen that requires behavioural change, especially when the threat becomes rare. The challenges of intensifying surveillance are discussed, particularly in insecure areas containing the last foci of the disease. It also summarizes the broader benefits uniquely linked to interventions against dracunculiasis.

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“…The use of filters or chemical disinfectants like Chlorine would be well-known disinfection techniques (Tayeh et al, 1996) but both approaches require consumable that are expensive and not always available.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigations on Temperature Effects and Germ Recovery for Solar Water Disinfection (SODIS)

Sift

Wagner

Heßling

2017

Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol

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In many developing countries no infrastructure for providing people with microbiological safe drinking water exists. This demands for decentralized water disinfection that is inexpensive and requires no consumables. The casualties are often recommended the application of SODIS for drinking water treatment. There are numerous scientific studies on this disinfection method, which however are still leaving questions on the mode of functioning which is often reduced to the effect caused by the UV part of the solar radiation and there is almost no discussion in the literature what happens to the disinfected water after the SODIS treatment.In this paper disinfection experiments with Escherichia coli in isotonic saline solutions and real surface water are performed for a set of realistic conditions for UVA irradiation and for heating but separated from each other. The results confirm that SODIS is based on the combined effect of UVA radiation and increased temperature. Further experiments lead to the recommendation that once disinfected water should be consumed without a large delay, otherwise the germ concentration rises again.

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The impact of health education to promote cloth filters on dracunculiasis prevalence in the Northern Region, Ghana

Cited by 23 publications

References 15 publications

The public and domestic domains in the transmission of disease

The public and domestic domains in the transmission of disease

Dracunculiasis (guinea worm disease): eradication without a drug or a vaccine

Investigations on Temperature Effects and Germ Recovery for Solar Water Disinfection (SODIS)

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