“…Importantly, this unique sensation could be triggered by a large variety of natural foods, including red wines (Watrelot, Heymann, & Waterhouse, 2020), green tea (Zhuang et al., 2020), coffee (Barbosa, Scholz, Kitzberger, & Benassi, 2019; Hu et al., 2020), soybean (Ueno, Kawaguchi, Oshikiri, Liu, & Shimada, 2019), various berries (Ciesarová et al., 2020; Kelanne et al., 2019), and so on. From a molecular perspective, the major astringent compounds in natural foods could be classified into phenols, proteins, multivalent metallic salts, organic and mineral acids, and dehydrating agents (such as acetone, glycerin, and ethanol) (Bajec & Pickering, 2008; Joslyn & Goldstein, 1964; Zhang et al., 2020). Different groups of astringent compounds might have diverse bases of astringency mechanisms (Joslyn & Goldstein, 1964), which may be related to the chemical structure of astringents.…”