The Impact of HIV Diagnosis-Related vs. Non-Diagnosis Related Trauma on PTSD, Depression, Medication Adherence, and HIV Disease Markers

Boarts, Jessica M.; Buckley-Fischer, Beth A.; Armelie, Aaron P.; Bogart, Laura M.; Delahanty, Douglas L.

doi:10.1080/15433710802633247

Cited by 45 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…While HIV-positive persons are exposed to significantly higher rates of trauma than the population in general (Kalichman et al, 2002), being diagnosed and living with HIV can also be a highly stressful and stigmatizing experience (Boarts, Buckley-Fischer, Armelie, Bogart, & Delahanty, 2009). HIV-related stigma may reduce the likelihood that an individual would disclose his or her HIV status, and could thereby negatively impact acquisition of social support and subsequent PTG.…”

Section: Hiv Stigma and Disclosurementioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Stigma and Social Support on Development of Post-traumatic Growth Among Persons Living with HIV

Kamen

Vorasarun

Canning³

et al. 2015

J Clin Psychol Med Settings

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Given high rates of trauma in people living with HIV (PLH) and the health benefits of posttraumatic growth (PTG), understanding how to foster PTG in PLH exposed to trauma could be of interest to clinical psychologists working with this population. The current study examined factors theoretically related to development of PTG in PLH, namely HIV-related stigma, disclosure of HIV status, and emotional support. A sample of 334 HIV-positive adults answered a battery of self-report questionnaires. HIV-related stigma, disclosure to sexual partners, and emotional support were significant predictors of PTG: stigma was associated with lower PTG, whereas disclosure and emotional support were associated with higher PTG. Disclosure and emotional support remained significantly associated with PTG in the model including demographic factors and stigma. These findings highlight the need for development of interventions that can aid PLH in disclosing their HIV status to sexual partners and increasing available social support.

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Section: Hiv Stigma and Disclosurementioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Stigma and Social Support on Development of Post-traumatic Growth Among Persons Living with HIV

Kamen

Vorasarun

Canning³

et al. 2015

J Clin Psychol Med Settings

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“…inconsistent condom use) and may contribute to increased HIV transmission [3]–[5]. Second, HIV-positive diagnosis is a stressor that has been found to increase significantly the chance of depression and anxiety [6], [7]. In turn, several studies have suggested that depressive and anxiety disorders may worsen HIV-related health outcomes, and antiretroviral treatment (ART) outcomes in particular.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wording Effects and the Factor Structure of the Hospital Anxiety & Depression Scale in HIV/AIDS Patients on Antiretroviral Treatment in South Africa

et al. 2012

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BackgroundGiven the immense burden of HIV/AIDS on health systems in sub-Saharan Africa and the intricate link between HIV/AIDS and mental health problems, health care providers need a valid and reliable instrument to assess mental health rapidly. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) may constitute such an instrument. The aims of this study were to: (1) examine the factor structure of the HADS in a population of South African HIV/AIDS patients on antiretroviral treatment (ART); and (2) identify and control the disturbing influence of systematic wording effects in vulnerable respondent groups.Methodology/Principal FindingsThe translated scale was administered to 716 HIV/AIDS patients enrolled in the public sector ART program in South Africa. A combined confirmatory factor analysis and correlated-traits-correlated-methods framework was used to determine the preferred factor structure of the HADS, while controlling for the disturbing influence of systematic wording effects. When assessing the structure without a negative wording factor, all three factor structures displayed an acceptable fit to the data. The three-factor solution best fitted the data. Addition of a method factor significantly improved the fit of all three factor solutions. Using χ2 difference testing, Razavi's one-factor solution displayed a superior fit compared to the other two factor solutions.ConclusionsThe study outcomes support the use of the HADS as a valid and reliable means to screen for mental health problems in HIV/AIDS patients enrolled in a public-sector ART program in a resource-limited context. The results demonstrate the importance of evaluating and correcting for wording effects when examining the factor structure of the screening instrument in vulnerable patient groups. In light of the inter-relationships between HIV/AIDS and mental health problems and the scarcity of adequate screening tools, additional studies on this topic are required.

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“…Depression is associated with inconsistent condom use that may contribute to increased HIV transmission in both low resource and high resource settings [9], [10], [11]. Having a diagnosis of HIV has been found to worsen depression in North America and Europe [12], [13]. In turn, depression worsens HIV-related health outcomes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Depression and HIV in Botswana: A Population-Based Study on Gender-Specific Socioeconomic and Behavioral Correlates

et al. 2010

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BackgroundDepression is a leading contributor to the burden of disease worldwide, a critical barrier to HIV prevention and a common serious HIV co-morbidity. However, depression screening and treatment are limited in sub-Saharan Africa, and there are few population-level studies examining the prevalence and gender-specific factors associated with depression.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional population-based study of 18–49 year-old adults from five districts in Botswana with the highest prevalence of HIV-infection. We examined the prevalence of depressive symptoms, using a Hopkins Symptom Checklist for Depression (HSCL-D) score of ≥1.75 to define depression, and correlates of depression using multivariate logistic regression stratified by sex.ResultsOf 1,268 participants surveyed, 25.3% of women and 31.4% of men had depression. Among women, lower education (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 2.07, 95% confidence interval [1.30–3.32]), higher income (1.77 [1.09–2.86]), and lack of control in sexual decision-making (2.35 [1.46–3.81]) were positively associated with depression. Among men, being single (1.95 [1.02–3.74]), living in a rural area (1.63 [1.02–2.65]), having frequent visits to a health provider (3.29 [1.88–5.74]), anticipated HIV stigma (fearing discrimination if HIV status was revealed) (2.04 [1.27–3.29]), and intergenerational sex (2.28 [1.17–4.41]) were independently associated with depression.DiscussionDepression is highly prevalent in Botswana, and its correlates are gender-specific. Our findings suggest multiple targets for screening and prevention of depression and highlight the need to integrate mental health counseling and treatment into primary health care to decrease morbidity and improve HIV management efforts.

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The Impact of HIV Diagnosis-Related vs. Non-Diagnosis Related Trauma on PTSD, Depression, Medication Adherence, and HIV Disease Markers

Cited by 45 publications

References 30 publications

The Impact of Stigma and Social Support on Development of Post-traumatic Growth Among Persons Living with HIV

The Impact of Stigma and Social Support on Development of Post-traumatic Growth Among Persons Living with HIV

Wording Effects and the Factor Structure of the Hospital Anxiety & Depression Scale in HIV/AIDS Patients on Antiretroviral Treatment in South Africa

Depression and HIV in Botswana: A Population-Based Study on Gender-Specific Socioeconomic and Behavioral Correlates

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