The impact of HIV on resource utilization by patients with tuberculosis in a tertiary referral hospital, Nairobi, Kenya

The cost to health services of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) co-infection among tuberculosis patients in Sudan

“…This conforms to reports from Kenya [23], and may be explained in our study by complications occurring among HIV-positive TB cases in the African setting, e.g. persistent diarrhoea.…”

“…These are patients who are more likely to have the financial resources to access more expensive services. In addition, reports from Kenya concerning the costs of diagnostic examinations in relation to HIV infection are similar to our observations [23].…”

“…In addition, microbiological investigations, apart from those for TB, are performed more commonly among HIVpositive patients [23]. In this study we found no differences between HIV-positive and HIV-negative TB patients in the numbers or in the cost of the diagnostic examinations related to TB.…”

“…There are few studies reporting the increment in resource consumption resulting from the additional burden of HIV on TB [23]. Previous studies have looked at the cost-effectiveness of different treatment regimens [24], chemoprophylaxis [25], preventive therapy [26] or management of drug reactions in HIVpositive TB patients [24].…”

Tuberculosis control in the era of HIV

“…The sheer number of patients extends waiting times while cutting the time for consultation. HIV-related clinical complications prolong patient stays in hospital 30 and congest wards, with as many as four patients per bed in the worst-affected countries.…”