The impact of hybridization, engine combustion method, and energy management system connectivity on heavy-duty vehicle operation

Abstract

A wide range of strategies for reducing energy consumption from heavy-duty vehicles have been explored from vehicle electrification to real-time vehicle energy management based on vehicle-to-vehicle and vehicle-to-infrastructure communication. Full electrification of heavy-duty vehicles can be challenging due to current limitations on battery energy density. However, hybridization and the implementation of high efficiency engines present other potential near-term solutions. In contrast to many prior studies that have explored the use of one or two of these techniques, this work discusses the combined influence of hybridization level, engine combustion mode, and connected energy management on fuel efficiency in heavy-duty applications. The impact of hybridization in different driving conditions is quantified and the effectiveness of hybrid powertrain structures with different engine combustion strategies is also explored. Utilizing an alternative combustion strategy can improve fuel efficiency by 5% in conventional and mild hybrids but was found to have a more minimal impact in full hybrids. An additional layer of complexity is also introduced when vehicles have some degree of connectivity and this influence on the energy management method is investigated by comparing control approaches which leverage current and future vehicle speed information. Connectivity and the ability to optimize energy production in real-time was found to be essential in uncertain cases and enable improvements in fuel consumption of up to 12% over baseline cases.

Energy Management System and Control Strategy of Intelligent Connected New Energy Vehicle in Line with the Dual-Carbon Strategy

“…Among the influencing factors of the total capacity of the battery, the ambient temperature, the number of battery cycles, and the average discharge current are the key factors, and the correction factor of the influencing factors is set to ensure the total capacity of the single battery. When the driver starts the vehicle, the power battery is discharged, and the drive motor and body equipment are self-diagnosed [14]. When the vehicle is in a normal driving state, the vehicle speed is at a normal speed, and the motor is working in a high-load area.…”