The Impact of Hyperoxia on Human Performance and Recovery

Sperlich, Billy; Zinner, Christoph; Hauser, Anna; Holmberg, Hans‐Christer; Wegrzyk, Jennifer

doi:10.1007/s40279-016-0590-1

Cited by 47 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 127 publications

(97 reference statements)

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“…Specifically, researchers (Mak et al 2002;Gao et al 2012) have found that a 10 min exposure is sufficient to induce physiological responses, which are reversible with Vitamin C, suggesting hyperoxia-induced physiological changes are ROS dependent. As breathing hyperoxic gas during exercise is known to impact performance (Amann et al 2006;Sperlich et al 2016), we limited the exposure to hyperoxia to the pre-exercise period only.…”

Section: Hyperoxic Exposurementioning

confidence: 99%

Exercise performance and physiological responses: the potential role of redox imbalance

2017

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Increases in oxidative stress or decreases in antioxidant capacity, or redox imbalance, are known to alter physiological function and has been suggested to influence performance. To date, no study has sought to manipulate this balance in the same participants and observe the impact on physiological function and performance. Using a single‐blind, placebo‐controlled, and counterbalanced design, this study examined the effects of increasing free radicals, via hyperoxic exposure (FiO2 = 1.0), and/or increasing antioxidant capacity, through consuming an antioxidant cocktail (AOC; vitamin‐C, vitamin‐E, α‐lipoic acid), on 5‐kilometer (km) cycling time‐trial performance, and the physiological and fatigue responses in healthy college‐aged males. Hyperoxic exposure prior to the 5 km TT had no effect on performance, fatigue, or the physiological responses to exercise. The AOC significantly reduced average power output (222 ± 11 vs. 214 ± 12 W), increased 5 km time (516 ± 17 vs. 533 ± 18 sec), suppressed ventilation (VE; 116 ± 5 vs. 109 ± 13 L/min), despite similar oxygen consumption (VO 2; 43.1 ± 0.8 vs. 44.9 ± 0.2 mL/kg per min), decreased VE/VO 2 (35.9 ± 2.0 vs. 32.3 ± 1.5 L/min), reduced economy (VO 2/W; 0.20 ± 0.01 vs. 0.22 ± 0.01), increased blood lactate (10 ± 0.7 vs. 11 ± 0.7 mmol), and perception of fatigue (RPE; 7.39 ± 0.4 vs. 7.60 ± 0.3) at the end of the TT, as compared to placebo (main effect, placebo vs. AOC, respectively). Our data demonstrate that prior to exercise, ingesting an AOC, but not exposure to hyperoxia, likely disrupts the delicate balance between pro‐ and antioxidant forces, which negatively impacts ventilation, blood lactate, economy, perception of fatigue, and performance (power output and 5 km time) in young healthy males. Thus, caution is warranted in athletes taking excess exogenous antioxidants.

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Section: Hyperoxic Exposurementioning

confidence: 99%

Exercise performance and physiological responses: the potential role of redox imbalance

2017

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“…This might reflect increased oxidation rates of pyruvate and reduced net glycogen utilization (i.e. anaerobic metabolism), in addition to increased lactate clearance (Hogan, Cox, & Welch, ; Maeda & Yasukouchi, , ; Sperlich et al., ; Stellingwerff et al., ). Although arterial O 2 content and lactate concentrations were not measured in the present study, the similar heart rate and elevated

S_{normalp O_{2}}

observed in the COOL‐HYPER trial (Figure ), along with the similar RPE (Figure ) relative to COOL‐NOR, support an increase in O 2 delivery, central motor output and/or oxidation rate of pyruvate in contributing to the increase in performance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is supported by previous studies investigating self‐paced exercise in hot and cool conditions and in hypoxia (Périard & Racinais, , ), in addition to a meta‐analytical review highlighting that the higher power output sustained during hyperoxic time trials elicits a similar RPE to that of normoxic exercise in response to a matching of relative intensity (Mallette et al., ). Future studies could therefore examine the role of intermittent hyperoxic training on high‐intensity self‐paced exercise, particularly given that long‐term adaptations to such training on performance are inconclusive (Sperlich et al., ). A further use for hyperoxia might be during an exercise heat acclimatization regimen to allow for the maintenance of a higher workload within daily sessions, as thermal and cardiovascular strain develop.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…time trial and time to exhaustion; Mallette, Stewart, & Cheung, ). The pathway by which performance is improved during such efforts is related to hyperoxia increasing O 2 delivery to active muscles (Sperlich, Zinner, Hauser, Holmberg, & Wegrzyk, ). This premise is supported by observations that hyperoxia improves self‐paced exercise (4–35 min time trials) by ∼6% when undertaken in cool conditions, in conjunction with increases in arterial O 2 content and saturation (Mallette et al., ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hyperoxia enhances self‐paced exercise performance to a greater extent in cool than hot conditions

Périard

Houtkamp

Bright

et al. 2019

Experimental Physiology

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New Findings What is the central question of this study?Hyperoxia enhances endurance performance by increasing O2 availability to locomotor muscles. We investigated whether hyperoxia can also improve prolonged self‐paced exercise in conditions of elevated thermal and cardiovascular strain. What is the main finding and its importance?Hyperoxia improved self‐paced exercise performance in hot and cool conditions. However, the extent of the improvement (increased work rate relative to normoxia) was greater in cool conditions. This suggests that the development of thermal and cardiovascular strain during prolonged self‐paced exercise under heat stress might attenuate the hyperoxia‐mediated increase in O2 delivery to locomotor muscles. Abstract The aim of this study was to determine whether breathing hyperoxic gas when self‐paced exercise performance is impaired under heat stress enhances power output. Nine well‐trained male cyclists performed four 40 min cycling time trials: two at 18°C (COOL) and two at 35°C (HOT). For the first 30 min, participants breathed ambient air, and for the remaining 10 min normoxic (fraction of inspired O2 0.21; NOR) or hyperoxic (fraction of inspired O2 0.45; HYPER) air. During the first 30 min of the time trials, power output was lower in the HOT (∼250 W) compared with COOL (∼273 W) conditions (P < 0.05). In the final 10 min, power output was higher in HOT‐HYPER (264 ± 25 W) than in HOT‐NOR (244 ± 31 W; P = 0.008) and in COOL‐HYPER (315 ± 28 W) than in COOL‐NOR (284 ± 25 W; P < 0.001). The increase in absolute power output in COOL‐HYPER was greater than in HOT‐HYPER (∼12 W; P = 0.057), as was normalized power output (∼30%; P < 0.001). The peripheral capillary percentage oxygen saturation increased in HOT‐HYPER and COOL‐HYPER (P < 0.05), with COOL‐HYPER being higher than HOT‐HYPER (P < 0.01). Heart rate was higher during the HOT compared with COOL trials (P < 0.01), as were mean skin temperature (P < 0.001) and peak rectal temperature (HOT, ∼39.5°C and COOL, ∼38.9°C; P < 0.01). Thermal discomfort was also higher in the HOT compared with COOL (P < 0.01), whereas ratings of perceived exertion were similar (P > 0.05). Hyperoxia enhanced performance during the final 25% of a 40 min time trial in both HOT and COOL conditions compared with normoxia. However, the attenuated increase in absolute and normalized power output noted in the HOT condition suggests that heat stress might mitigate the influence of hyperoxia.

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“…Devises such as altitude tents and chambers, on the other hand, are developed to exploit response and adaptation patterns of the organism in which all effects of exposure to hypoxia, both beneficial and non-beneficial, are included (Sperlich et al 2017). This is within the range of 'the natural', or of athletes' 'physiological authenticity'.…”

Section: Ped and 'Natural' Athletic Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

Performance-Enhancing Drugs, Sport, and the Ideal of Natural Athletic Performance

Loland

2018

The American Journal of Bioethics

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The use of certain performance-enhancing drugs (PED) is banned in sport. I discuss critically standard justifications of the ban based on arguments from two widely used criteria: fairness and harms to health. I argue that these arguments on their own are inadequate, and only make sense within a normative understanding of athletic performance and the value of sport. In the discourse over PED, the distinction between "natural" and "artificial" performance has exerted significant impact. I examine whether the distinction makes sense from a moral point of view. I propose an understanding of "natural" athletic performance by combining biological knowledge of training with an interpretation of the normative structure of sport. I conclude that this understanding can serve as moral justification of the PED ban and enable critical and analytically based line drawing between acceptable and nonacceptable performance-enhancing means in sport.

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The Impact of Hyperoxia on Human Performance and Recovery

Cited by 47 publications

References 127 publications

Exercise performance and physiological responses: the potential role of redox imbalance

Exercise performance and physiological responses: the potential role of redox imbalance

Hyperoxia enhances self‐paced exercise performance to a greater extent in cool than hot conditions

Performance-Enhancing Drugs, Sport, and the Ideal of Natural Athletic Performance

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