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© Copyright 2016 RAND CorporationR® is a registered trademark.iii Preface Traditionally, immigration policy has been a federal responsibility, but, in the past decade, states have begun to adopt policies through legislation and other actions to respond to trends in unauthorized immigration. In some states, policies have taken the form of omnibus legislation designed to place restrictions on immigrants who are in the United States without authorization, through actions of law enforcement and employers, as well as limits in other aspects of public life. In other states, policies have been adopted one by one, such as requiring employers in the public and private sectors to verify employment eligibility through E-Verify, to preclude access to driver's licenses for individuals who are not authorized to be in the country, and to exclude unauthorized students from eligibility for in-state tuition at public colleges and universities. At the same time, some states have also adopted policies toward unauthorized immigrants that are unrestrictive-for example, by making driver's licenses available to all regardless of immigration status or basing access to in-state tuition solely on residency requirements, regardless of immigration status.The expanding role of states in these areas of policy raises questions about the consequences of state-level action for various stakeholders in the public and private sectors. Within this context, the goals of this study are to• develop a cost-benefit framework for classifying the potential impacts of specific statelevel policies, identifying the potential domains of impact and how different stakeholders in the public and private sectors would be affected • review the research literature to identify empirical evidence, where it exists, regarding the likely magnitudes of the impacts of specific state-level immigration-related policies • use the cost-benefit fr...